< Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/tungeti
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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Celtic
Etymology
A verb infamous for its complicated origin. There are two major theories on its origin:[1]
- A modern theory derives the verb from a suppletive conflation of a nasal-infix present *lungeti from Proto-Indo-European *h₂lewgʰ- (“to announce”) and a preterite derived from *tek- (“to reach out, receive with one's hands”). The initial t- outside the present would thus come from analogy with the preterite. This theory dismisses a connection with Gaulish toncsiiontio.
- An older, more traditional theory supposed descent from Proto-Indo-European *th₂négti (“to touch, grasp; to take”), ne-infixed verb from the root *teh₂g- (“to touch; to take”), with semantic divergence (i.e. to “take (an oath)”); compare Latin tangō (“(I) touch”), especially in the figurative meanings “affect; enchant”, Proto-Germanic *þakkōną (“to touch lightly”) and Ancient Greek τεταγών (tetagṓn, “having seized”, ptcp.). The o-grade in Old Irish however would be unexplained.
Inflection
| Thematic present, suffixless preterite | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *tungū | *tungennem | ? | *tetoka |
| 2nd singular | *tungesi | *tungītū | ? | ? |
| 3rd singular | *tungeti | *tunge(to) | ? | *tetoke |
| 1st plural | *tungomos | *tungemmets | ? | ? |
| 2nd plural | *tungete | *tungetes, *tungeswīs | ? | ? |
| 3rd plural | *tungonti | *tungentets | ? | ? |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | ? | ? | — | |
| 2nd singular | ? | ? | *tunge | |
| 3rd singular | ? | ? | — | |
| 1st plural | ? | ? | — | |
| 2nd plural | ? | ? | *tungete | |
| 3rd plural | ? | ? | — | |
| Passive voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *tungūr | — | ? | — |
| 2nd singular | *tungetar | — | ? | — |
| 3rd singular | *tungetor | *tungetey | ? | ? |
| 1st plural | *tungommor | — | ? | — |
| 2nd plural | *tungedwe | — | ? | — |
| 3rd plural | *tungontor | *tungentits | ? | ? |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | ? | — | — | |
| 2nd singular | ? | — | — | |
| 3rd singular | ? | — | — | |
| 1st plural | ? | — | — | |
| 2nd plural | ? | — | — | |
| 3rd plural | ? | — | — | |
Descendants
References
- Ranko Matasović (2009), “*tong-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 383
- Gordon, Randall Clark (2012) Derivational Morphology of the Early Irish Verbal Noun, Los Angeles: University of California, pages 317-319
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