Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/henki

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Unknown. Has been compared with various words in other Uralic languages with mainly heat-related meanings (e.g. Udmurt ӝог (džog, “hot, drought”), Northern Mansi саӈк (saňk, “sweat”)), and UEW reconstructs a common root *čeŋke, but this remains uncertain.

Noun

*henki

breath
soul, life force

Inflection

Inflection of *henki

	singular	plural
nominative	*henki	*henget
accusative	*hengen	*henget
genitive	*hengen	henkeden henkiden
partitive	*henkedä	*henkidä
inessive	*hengessä	*hengissä
elative	*hengestä	*hengistä
illative	*henkehen	*henkihen
adessive	*hengellä	*hengillä
ablative	*hengeltä	*hengiltä
allative	*henkelek	*henkilek
essive	*henkenä	*henkinä
translative	*hengeksi	*hengiksi
instructive	*hengen	*hengin
comitative	*henkenek	*henkinek
abessive	*hengektä	*hengiktä

Descendants

Estonian: hing
Finnish: henki
Ingrian: henki
Karelian: henki, hengi
Livonian: jeng
Livvi: hengi
Ludian: heng
Veps: heng
Võro: heng', hing'
Votic: entši
→ Proto-Samic: *(h)eaŋkë (see there for further descendants)

References

hing in Metsmägi, Iris; Sedrik, Meeli; Soosaar, Sven-Erik (2012), Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat, Tallinn: Eesti Keele Instituut, →ISBN
Itkonen, Erkki; Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000) Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words] (in Finnish), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN

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