Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/lehmä

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Unknown, though generally taken to be akin to Mordvinic words meaning "horse": Erzya лишме (lišme), Moksha лишме (lišme). Has been hypothetized to be associated with the phonetically quite similar *lehmus (“lime; soft wood”), through a sense development "soft" > "tame" > "domestic animal". Alternately, Katz (2003) speculates on borrowing from pre-Indo-Iranian *lekšma- (“marked”) (compare Sanskrit लक्ष्मी (lakṣmī), लक्ष्मन् (lakṣman)), through the meaning "animal marked as owned".

Noun

*lehmä

cow

Inflection

Inflection of *lehmä

	singular	plural
nominative	*lehmä	*lehmät
accusative	*lehmän	*lehmät
genitive	*lehmän	lehmäden lehmeiden
partitive	*lehmädä	*lehmeidä
inessive	*lehmässä	*lehmeissä
elative	*lehmästä	*lehmeistä
illative	*lehmähen	*lehmeihen
adessive	*lehmällä	*lehmeillä
ablative	*lehmältä	*lehmeiltä
allative	*lehmälek	*lehmeilek
essive	*lehmänä	*lehmeinä
translative	*lehmäksi	*lehmeiksi
instructive	*lehmän	*lehmein
comitative	*lehmänek	*lehmeinek
abessive	*lehmäktä	*lehmeiktä

Coordinate terms

Descendants

Estonian: lehm
Finnish: lehmä
Ingrian: lehmä
Karelian: lehmä
Livonian: niem
Livvi: lehmy, lehmü
Ludian: lehm
Veps: lehm
Võro: lehm
Votic: lehmä
→ Kemi Sami: [Term?] (lehme)
→ Skolt Sami: leäʹhm
→ Akkala Sami: [Term?] (lehm)
→ Kildin Sami: лӣхемь (līxʹemʹ)
→ Ter Sami: limme
→ Russian: лейма (lejma)

References

lehm in Metsmägi, Iris; Sedrik, Meeli; Soosaar, Sven-Erik (2012), Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat, Tallinn: Eesti Keele Instituut, →ISBN
Itkonen, Erkki; Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000) Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words] (in Finnish), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
Katz, Hartmut. 2003. Studien zu den älteren indoiranischen Lehnwörter in den uralischen Sprachen. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag C. Winter.

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