Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-iz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /iz/

Suffix

*-iz (adjective *-izô)

-er. Forms the comparative of certain adverbs.

Usage notes

This was the normal comparative suffix for all i-, u- and ja-stem adverbs. The regular a-stem adverbs sometimes used this suffix, and sometimes the related suffix *-ōz without any predictable rule.

Derived terms

► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Proto-Germanic_comparative_adverbs' title='Category:Proto-Germanic comparative adverbs'>Proto-Germanic comparative adverbs</a>

Descendants

Most of these descendants eventually replaced the suffix with the equivalent from the adjectives, because the older adverbial suffix was no longer distinctive after the loss of final *-iz.

Old English: -
- English: -er
Old Frisian: -
- West Frisian: -er
Old Saxon: -
Old Dutch: -
- Middle Dutch: -
  - Dutch: -er
Old High German: -
- German: -er
Old Norse: -r
- Icelandic: -ur
- Faroese: -ur
Gothic: -𐌹𐍃 (-is)

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