Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-skapiz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Suffixal use of a zero-grade i-stem noun derived from *skapjaną.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈskɑ.piz/

Noun

*-skapiz m

A suffix denoting state, originally meaning "shaping, condition".

Inflection

i-stemDeclension of *-skapiz (i-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*-skapiz	*-skapīz
vocative	*-skapi	*-skapīz
accusative	*-skapį	*-skapinz
genitive	*-skapīz	*-skapjǫ̂
dative	*-skapī	*-skapimaz
instrumental	*-skapī	*-skapimiz

Derived terms

*frijōndiskapiz

Descendants

Old English: -sċiepe, -sċipe, -sċype
- Middle English: -schippe, -shippe and several variants thereof
  - Scots: -schip, -ship
  - English: -ship
Old Frisian: -skipe, -skip
- Saterland Frisian: -skup
- West Frisian: -skip
Old Saxon: -skepi
- Middle Low German: -skap (likely under influence of the surrounding languages), unstressed forms: -skop, -skup
  - German Low German: -schop
    East Frisian: -skupp
    
    Münsterländisch: -schopp
    
    Paderbornisch: -skop, -skopp
Old Dutch: -skap
- Middle Dutch: -schap
  - Dutch: -schap
    - Afrikaans: -skap
Old High German: -skaf, -skaft
- Middle High German: -schaft
  - German: -schaft
  - Yiddish: ־שאַפֿט‎ (-shaft)
Old Norse: -skapr
- Icelandic: -skapur
- Faroese: -skapur
- Norwegian:
  - Bokmål: -skap
  - Nynorsk: -skap
- Swedish: -skap
- Danish: -skab

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