< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bugjaną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *bʰewgʰ- (“to take away, deliver”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbuɣ.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Synonyms
Inflection
Conjugation of *bugjaną (weak class 1 j-present)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *bugjō | *bugjaų | — | *bugjai | *? |
| 2nd singular | *bugisi | *bugjais | *bugi | *bugjasai | *bugjaisau |
| 3rd singular | *bugiþi | *bugjai | *bugjaþau | *bugjaþai | *bugjaiþau |
| 1st dual | *bugjōs | *bugjaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *bugjaþiz | *bugjaiþiz | *bugjaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *bugjamaz | *bugjaim | — | *bugjanþai | *bugjainþau |
| 2nd plural | *bugiþ | *bugjaiþ | *bugiþ | *bugjanþai | *bugjainþau |
| 3rd plural | *bugjanþi | *bugjain | *bugjanþau | *bugjanþai | *bugjainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *buhtǭ | *buhtēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *buhtēz | *buhtēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *buhtē | *buhtēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *buhtēdū | *buhtēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *buhtēdudiz | *buhtēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *buhtēdum | *buhtēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *buhtēdud | *buhtēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *buhtēdun | *buhtēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *bugjandz | *buhtaz | |||
Descendants
- Old English: byċġan
- Old Saxon: buggian, buggean
- Old High German: *buggen
- ⇒ Old High German: bugidi
- ⇒ Old High German: bugihaft
- Old Norse: byggja (“to marry; to rent out (land, a farm, etc.)”)
- Norwegian Nynorsk: byggje (“to rent out; to hire (servants, workers)”)
- Old Swedish: byggia (“to rent”)
- Gothic: 𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (bugjan)
References
- “byggja (2)” in: Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon — Íslensk orðsifjabók, 1st edition, 2nd printing (1989). Reykjavík, Orðabók Háskólans.
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