< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dwīnaną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *dʰwēy- (“to slip away; dwindle; die; death”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰew- (“to die; pass away”). If the theory that PIE gʷʰ > Germanic /w/ is accepted, according to Kroonen, this would rather be from Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰey- (“to decline, perish”).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈdwiː.nɑ.nɑ̃/
Inflection
Conjugation of *dwīnaną (strong class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *dwīnō | *dwīnaų | — | *dwīnai | *? |
| 2nd singular | *dwīnizi | *dwīnaiz | *dwīn | *dwīnazai | *dwīnaizau |
| 3rd singular | *dwīnidi | *dwīnai | *dwīnadau | *dwīnadai | *dwīnaidau |
| 1st dual | *dwīnōz | *dwīnaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *dwīnadiz | *dwīnaidiz | *dwīnadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *dwīnamaz | *dwīnaim | — | *dwīnandai | *dwīnaindau |
| 2nd plural | *dwīnid | *dwīnaid | *dwīnid | *dwīnandai | *dwīnaindau |
| 3rd plural | *dwīnandi | *dwīnain | *dwīnandau | *dwīnandai | *dwīnaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *dwain | *dwinį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *dwaint | *dwinīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *dwain | *dwinī | |||
| 1st dual | *dwinū | *dwinīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *dwinudiz | *dwinīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *dwinum | *dwinīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *dwinud | *dwinīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *dwinun | *dwinīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *dwīnandz | *dwinanaz | |||
Descendants
- Old English: dwīnan
- Old Frisian: *dwīna
- West Frisian: ferdwyne, ferdwine
- Old Saxon: *dwīnan
- Middle Low German: dwînen
- Low German: dwienen, verdwienen
- Middle Low German: dwînen
- Old Dutch: *dwīnan
- Middle Dutch: dwinen
- Old Norse: dvína
Welsh: edwino - to fade, wither or decay, dwindle, languish, become feeble, become extinct.
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*dwīnan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 112-113
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