Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fijandz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Present participle of *fijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *peh₁- (“to hate”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɸi.jɑndz/

Noun

*fijandz m

enemy, fiend

Inflection

consonant stemDeclension of *fijandz (consonant stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*fijandz	*fijandiz
vocative	*fijand	*fijandiz
accusative	*fijandų	*fijandunz
genitive	*fijandiz	*fijandǫ̂
dative	*fijandi	*fijandumaz
instrumental	*fijandē	*fijandumiz

Antonyms

*frijōndz

Descendants

Old English: fēond
- Middle English: feend
  - Scots: fient
  - English: fiend
Old Frisian: fīand
- Saterland Frisian: Fäind
- West Frisian: fijân
Old Saxon: fīand, fīond, fīund
- Middle Low German: vîent
  - German Low German: Feend, Fiend
  - Plautdietsch: Fient
Old Dutch: *fīand
- Middle Dutch: viant
  - Dutch: vijand
Old High German: fīant, fīand
- Middle High German: vīant, vīent, vīnt
  - German: Feind
Old Norse: fjándi
- Icelandic: fjandi
- Faroese: fjandi (“devil, fiend”)
- Norn: fjandi (“devil”)
- Norwegian: fiende
- Old Swedish: fiænde, fiande, fionde
  - Swedish: fiende
- Danish: fjende
- Elfdalian: fiend, fiund
- Gutnish: fiende, feiunde
Gothic: 𐍆𐌹𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 (fijands)

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