< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gardô

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰórdʰos (“hedge, fence, enclosure”), from *gʰerdʰ-. More at *gardaz.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈɣɑr.dɔːː/, /ˈɣɑr.ðɔːː/

Noun

*gardô m

  1. hedge, fence
  2. enclosure, pen
  3. court, yard
  4. garden
  5. house

Inflection
masculine an-stemDeclension of *gardô (masculine an-stem)
singular plural
nominative *gardô *gardaniz
vocative *gardô *gardaniz
accusative *gardanų *gardanunz
genitive *gardiniz *gardanǫ̂
dative *gardini *gardammaz
instrumental *gardinē *gardammiz

Descendants
  • Old Frisian: garda
  • Old Saxon: gard, gardo
    • Middle Low German: gard
      • Low German:
        • German Low German:
          Hamburgisch: Garrn
        • Westphalian:
          Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Gäurn
          Westmünsterländisch: Gaorden, Gaorn, Guorden, Guorn, Gurden
      • Plautdietsch: Goaden
  • Old Dutch: gardo
  • Old High German: garto
    • Middle High German: garte
      • Alemannic German: [ˈɡaʁte̝][1]
      • Central Franconian:
        • Moselle Franconian: Gaade, Garde
          • Hunsrückisch:
            • Hunsrik: Gaarte /ˈkɔːtə/ [ˈɡ̊ɔːdə], [ˈɡ̊aːdə][2]
          • Saarland:
            • Britten: [ˈɡɔːɐ̯tn̩][3]
        • Ripuarian: Jaade
      • East Franconian: [ˈɡ̊ad̥n̩][4]
      • German: Garten
      • Luxembourgish: Gaart
      • Rhine Franconian:
        • Hessian:
          • South Hessian:[5]
            • Heppenheim: [ˈɡaːrə], [ˈɡaːd̥ə]
            • Kocherbach: [ˈɡɑ̃rə]
            • Lindenfels: [ˈɡoːəd̥ə]
            • Rhenish Hesse:
              • Abenheim: [ˈɡaːd̥ə]
              • Bad Wimpfen: [ˈɡad̥ə]
              • Darmstadt: [ˈɡad̥ə]
              • Fränkisch-Crumbach: [ˈɡaːd̥ə]
              • Groß-Gumpen: [ˈɡoəd̥ə]
              • Heidesheim am Rhein: [ˈɡaːʳd̥ə]
              • Mainz: [ˈɡaːd̥ə]
              • Reichelsheim: [ˈɡaːd̥ə]
              • Wendelsheim: [ˈɡɑ̃ʳd̥ə]
            • Starkenburg: [ˈɡɔːʳd̥ə], [ˈɡɔːɐ̯d̥ə], [ˈɡɔːəd̥ə]
              • Northern Starkenburg: [ˈɡɔːd̥ə]
              • Southern Starkenburg: [ˈɡaːd̥ə]
        • Palatine German: [ˈɡaːd̥ə] [ˈɡaːʳd̥ə] [ˈɡɒːd̥ə] [ˈɡɒːʳd̥ə] [ˈɡɔːd̥ə] [ˈɡɔːʳd̥ə][6]
          • Pennsylvania German: [ˈɡ̊oɐd̥ə][7]
      • Yiddish: גאָרטן‎ (gortn)
  • Old Norse: *garði
    • Icelandic: garði
    • Norwegian: garde
    • Danish: gårde (dialectal)
  • Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌰 (garda)

References
  1. Tober, Ludwig et al. (2018). Schweizerisches Idiotikon. Citing: ANTIQUARISCHEN GESELLSCHAFT IN ZÜRICH. Frauenfeld: Huber & co.
  2. Altenhofen, Cléo Vilson. (1996) Hunsrückisch in Rio Grande do Sul: Ein Beitrag zur Beschreibung einer deutschbrasilianischen Dialektvarietät im Kontakt mit dem Portugiesischen. Stuttgart: Steiner.
  3. "ich". In: Besse, Maria. (2004). Britter Wörterbuch. Losheim am See: Verein für Heimatkunde in der Gemeinde Losheim am See.
  4. Schunk, G.; Klepsch, A.; Munske, H. H.; Rädle, K.; Reichel, S. (2000). Wörterbuch von Mittelfranken. Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann, page 45.
  5. Maurer, Friedrich, ed., (1972). Südhessisches Wörterbuch. Marburg: N. G. Elwert Verlag.
  6. "Garten". Pfälzisches Wörterbuch.
  7. Kelz, Heinrich P. (1971). Phonologische Analyse des Pennsylvaniadeutschen. Hamburg: Buske.
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