Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grubaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *gʰrubʰos, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrewbʰ-. Related to Lithuanian grubus (“rough”), Serbo-Croatian grȗb (“rough, coarse”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɣru.βɑz/

Adjective

*grubaz

coarse, rough

Inflection

Declension of *grubaz (a-stem)

Strong declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*grubaz	*grubai	*grubō	*grubôz	*grubą, -atō	*grubō
Accusative	*grubanǭ	*grubanz	*grubǭ	*grubōz	*grubą, -atō	*grubō
Genitive	*grubas, -is	*grubaizǫ̂	*grubaizōz	*grubaizǫ̂	*grubas, -is	*grubaizǫ̂
Dative	*grubammai	*grubaimaz	*grubaizōi	*grubaimaz	*grubammai	*grubaimaz
Instrumental	*grubanō	*grubaimiz	*grubaizō	*grubaimiz	*grubanō	*grubaimiz

Weak declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*grubô	*grubaniz	*grubǭ	*grubōniz	*grubô	*grubōnō
Accusative	*grubanų	*grubanunz	*grubōnų	*grubōnunz	*grubô	*grubōnō
Genitive	*grubiniz	*grubanǫ̂	*grubōniz	*grubōnǫ̂	*grubiniz	*grubanǫ̂
Dative	*grubini	*grubammaz	*grubōni	*grubōmaz	*grubini	*grubammaz
Instrumental	*grubinē	*grubammiz	*grubōnē	*grubōmiz	*grubinē	*grubammiz

Related terms

*greupaną

Descendants

Old Saxon: *grof
- Middle Low German: grof, grōv-
  - Low German: groff
  - Plautdietsch: groff
  - → Old Norse: grófr (descendants may reflect other forms)
    - Norwegian: grov
    - Danish: grov
    - Old Swedish: grōver
      - Swedish: grov
    - Westrobothnian: grop
Old Dutch: *grof
- Middle Dutch: grof
  - Dutch: grof
    - → Sranan Tongo: grofu
  - Limburgish: graof
  - → English: gruff
Old High German: grob
- Middle High German: grop
  - German: grob
- ⇒ Old High German: griobo (noun)
  - Middle High German: griebe
    - Alemannic German: Grüübi
    - German: Griebe

References

Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill

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