< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/klawjaną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From a Proto-Indo-European root *g(e)l-eu-, from a base *gel- (“to make round, clench”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈklɑ.wjɑ.nɑ̃/
Inflection
Conjugation of *klawjaną (strong class 6 j-present)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *klawjō | *klawjaų | — | *klawjai | *? |
| 2nd singular | *klawisi | *klawjais | *klawi | *klawjasai | *klawjaisau |
| 3rd singular | *klawiþi | *klawjai | *klawjaþau | *klawjaþai | *klawjaiþau |
| 1st dual | *klawjōs | *klawjaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *klawjaþiz | *klawjaiþiz | *klawjaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *klawjamaz | *klawjaim | — | *klawjanþai | *klawjainþau |
| 2nd plural | *klawiþ | *klawjaiþ | *klawiþ | *klawjanþai | *klawjainþau |
| 3rd plural | *klawjanþi | *klawjain | *klawjanþau | *klawjanþai | *klawjainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *klōw | *klōwį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *klōwt | *klōwīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *klōw | *klōwī | |||
| 1st dual | *klōwū | *klōwīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *klōwudiz | *klōwīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *klōwum | *klōwīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *klōwud | *klōwīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *klōwun | *klōwīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *klawjandz | *klawanaz | |||
Derived terms
Descendants
- Old English: clawan, clāwan, *clēn (strong class 7); clawian
- Old Dutch: *clōien, *clouen
- Old Saxon: *clawian
- Middle Low German: klâwen
- Old High German: klawēn, chlawēn, klawjan
- Middle High German: kleuen, klæwen
- German: klauen (remodelled after the noun; compare dialectal or obsolete kläuen)
- Middle High German: kleuen, klæwen
- Old Norse: klá, kleyja
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