< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kruppōną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Pre-Germanic *grubʰnéh₂-, a zero-grade iterative to *kreupaną, *krūpaną (“to crawl”), which was possibly back-formed to the iterative. Related to Lithuanian grubineti (“to stumble”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkrup.pɔː.nɑ̃/
Inflection
The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, singular *krupp- against non-singular *krub-.
Conjugation of *kruppōną (weak class 2)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *kruppō | *kruppǭ | — | *kruppōi | *? |
| 2nd singular | *kruppōsi | *kruppōs | *kruppō | *kruppōsai | *kruppōsau |
| 3rd singular | *kruppōþi | *kruppō | *kruppōþau | *kruppōþai | *kruppōþau |
| 1st dual | *kruppōs | *kruppōw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *kruppōþiz | *kruppōþiz | *kruppōþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *kruppōmaz | *kruppōm | — | *kruppōnþai | *kruppōnþau |
| 2nd plural | *kruppōþ | *kruppōþ | *kruppōþ | *kruppōnþai | *kruppōnþau |
| 3rd plural | *kruppōnþi | *kruppōn | *kruppōnþau | *kruppōnþai | *kruppōnþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *kruppōdǭ | *kruppōdēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *kruppōdēz | *kruppōdēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *kruppōdē | *kruppōdēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *kruppōdēdū | *kruppōdēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *kruppōdēdudiz | *kruppōdēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *kruppōdēdum | *kruppōdēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *kruppōdēdud | *kruppōdēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *kruppōdēdun | *kruppōdēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *kruppōndz | *kruppōdaz | |||
Related terms
- (possibly) *kruppaz
- *kruppijaną
Descendants
- Middle Dutch: cropen
- German (Rhinelandic): kruppen
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill
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