Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ruppōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *Hrupnéh₂-, a zero-grade iterative to *reufaną (“to break off, open”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈrup.pɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*ruppōną

to tear off

Inflection

The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, singular *rupp- against non-singular *rub-

Conjugation of *ruppōną (weak class 2)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*ruppō	*ruppǭ	—	*ruppōi	*?
2nd singular	*ruppōsi	*ruppōs	*ruppō	*ruppōsai	*ruppōsau
3rd singular	*ruppōþi	*ruppō	*ruppōþau	*ruppōþai	*ruppōþau
1st dual	*ruppōs	*ruppōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*ruppōþiz	*ruppōþiz	*ruppōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*ruppōmaz	*ruppōm	—	*ruppōnþai	*ruppōnþau
2nd plural	*ruppōþ	*ruppōþ	*ruppōþ	*ruppōnþai	*ruppōnþau
3rd plural	*ruppōnþi	*ruppōn	*ruppōnþau	*ruppōnþai	*ruppōnþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*ruppōdǭ	*ruppōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*ruppōdēz	*ruppōdēdīz
3rd singular	*ruppōdē	*ruppōdēdī
1st dual	*ruppōdēdū	*ruppōdēdīw
2nd dual	*ruppōdēdudiz	*ruppōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*ruppōdēdum	*ruppōdēdīm
2nd plural	*ruppōdēdud	*ruppōdēdīd
3rd plural	*ruppōdēdun	*ruppōdēdīn

	present	past
participles	*ruppōndz	*ruppōdaz

Descendants

Middle Low German: roppen
Middle Dutch: roppen
- Dutch: roppen (dialectal)
Old High German: rophōn, *ruphōn
- Middle High German: ropfen, rupfen
  - German: rupfen
  - Luxembourgish: rappen
Old Norse: ruppa

References

Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 418

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