Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rustaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *rudʰ-s-tos-, derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈrus.tɑz/

Noun

*rustaz m

rust

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *rustaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*rustaz	rustōz, rustōs
vocative	*rust	rustōz, rustōs
accusative	*rustą	*rustanz
genitive	rustas, rustis	*rustǫ̂
dative	*rustai	*rustamaz
instrumental	*rustō	*rustamiz

Derived terms

*rustagaz

Related terms

*raudaz
*rudō
*rusmô

Descendants

Old English: rust, rūst
- Middle English: rust, roust, rost
  - Scots: roust, rowst
  - English: rust
Old Frisian: *rust, *rost
- Saterland Frisian: rust
- West Frisian: roast
Old Saxon: rost
- Middle Low German: rost
  - Low German: Rost
Old Dutch: *rost, *rōst
- Middle Dutch: rost, roest
  - Dutch: roest
Old High German: rost
- Middle High German: rost
  - German: Rost
  - Luxembourgish: Rascht (etymology 1)
Old Norse: *rustr (possibly borrowed)
- Norwegian: rust, ryst (dialectal)
- Swedish: rost
- Danish: rust
Gothic: *𐍂𐌿𐍃- (*rus-) (suggested Gothic form of the element Ros- found in some Latinized Gothic names)
→ Finnic: *roostek (see there for further descendants)

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