Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skēpą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Unknown. Compare Persian ‎ (čapiš, “yearling goat”), ultimately from Proto-Turkic *čepiš (“yearling goat”). Mallory & Adams propose Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱéh₁gos (“goat, sheep”), comparing several Indo-Iranian cognates such as Sanskrit छाग (chā́ga, “goat”) (whence Marathi सागा (sāgā, “flock of sheep”)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sčā́gas (“she-goat”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈskɛː.pɑ̃/

Noun

*skēpą n

sheep

Inflection

neuter a-stemDeclension of *skēpą (neuter a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*skēpą	*skēpō
vocative	*skēpą	*skēpō
accusative	*skēpą	*skēpō
genitive	skēpas, skēpis	*skēpǫ̂
dative	*skēpai	*skēpamaz
instrumental	*skēpō	*skēpamiz

Descendants

Old English: sċēap, *sċǣp, sċēp
- Middle English: sheep, scheep, schep, schepe
  - English: sheep
    - Tok Pisin: sipsip (reduplication)
      - → Rotokas: sipisipi
    - → Abenaki: azib (from "a sheep")
    - → Chuukese: siip
  - Scots: sheep
  - Yola: zheep
Old Frisian: skēp, schēp
- North Frisian: sjip, schäip
- Saterland Frisian: Scep, Skäip
- West Frisian: skiep
Old Saxon: skāp, scāp
- Middle Low German: schâp
  - Low German:
    - German Low German:
      Hamburgisch: Schaap
    - Westphalian:
      Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Schåp
      Sauerländisch: Schōp
      Westmünsterländisch: Schaop
  - Plautdietsch: Schop
Old Dutch: scāp
- Middle Dutch: schâep
  - Dutch: schaap
Old High German: scāf
- Middle High German: schāf
  - Alemannic German: Schooff
    Swabian: Schoaf
  - Bavarian: Schåf
    Carinthian: Hap
  - East Central German:
    Upper Saxon: Schåf
  - German: Schaf
    - → Alemannic German: Schaf
  - Luxembourgish: Schof
  - Rhine Franconian: Schoof
    Palatine German: Schoof
    Pennsylvania German: Schof
  - Vilamovian: siöf
  - Yiddish: שאָף‎ (shof)

References

Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press

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