Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skalkaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to cleave, split, separate, part, divide”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈskɑl.kɑz/

Noun

*skalkaz m

servant; knight

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *skalkaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*skalkaz	skalkōz, skalkōs
vocative	*skalk	skalkōz, skalkōs
accusative	*skalką	*skalkanz
genitive	skalkas, skalkis	*skalkǫ̂
dative	*skalkai	*skalkamaz
instrumental	*skalkō	*skalkamiz

Descendants

Old English: sċealc
- Middle English: schalk
  - Scots: schalk, schak, schaik
  - English: shalk
Old Frisian: skalk
- West Frisian: (ontschalken)
Old Saxon: skalk
- Middle Low German: schalk (in compounds: erseschalk, marschalk, etc.)
Old Frankish: *skalk
- Old Dutch: skalk
  - Middle Dutch: scalc
    - Dutch: schalk (also in maarschalk)
- Vulgar Latin: scalcus (in compounds)
  - Middle Latin: scalcius, scalciatus
  - Old French: escalque
- Italian: scalco
Old High German: scalc, scalch, skalk
- Middle High German: schalc
  - German: Schalk
  - Luxembourgish: Schallek
- Italian: → scalco (from Lombardic)
Old Norse: skalkr, skálkr
- Icelandic: skálkur
- Faroese: skálkur
- Norwegian: skalk
- Old Swedish: skalker
  - Swedish: skalk
- Danish: skalk
Gothic: 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌺𐍃 (skalks)

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