Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/werþaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *wértos, probably derived from Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn”) through a meaning of “exchange”, a development also seen in Celtic.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈwer.θɑz/

Adjective

*werþaz

worthy, valuable

Inflection

Declension of *werþaz (a-stem)

Strong declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*werþaz	*werþai	*werþō	*werþôz	*werþą, -atō	*werþō
Accusative	*werþanǭ	*werþanz	*werþǭ	*werþōz	*werþą, -atō	*werþō
Genitive	*werþas, -is	*werþaizǫ̂	*werþaizōz	*werþaizǫ̂	*werþas, -is	*werþaizǫ̂
Dative	*werþammai	*werþaimaz	*werþaizōi	*werþaimaz	*werþammai	*werþaimaz
Instrumental	*werþanō	*werþaimiz	*werþaizō	*werþaimiz	*werþanō	*werþaimiz

Weak declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*werþô	*werþaniz	*werþǭ	*werþōniz	*werþô	*werþōnō
Accusative	*werþanų	*werþanunz	*werþōnų	*werþōnunz	*werþô	*werþōnō
Genitive	*werþiniz	*werþanǫ̂	*werþōniz	*werþōnǫ̂	*werþiniz	*werþanǫ̂
Dative	*werþini	*werþammaz	*werþōni	*werþōmaz	*werþini	*werþammaz
Instrumental	*werþinē	*werþammiz	*werþōnē	*werþōmiz	*werþinē	*werþammiz

Derived terms

*werþōną
*wirþijaną

Related terms

*werþą

Descendants

Old English: weorþ, ƿeorþ
- Middle English: worth
  - Scots: wirth
  - English: worth
Old Frisian: werth, werd
Old Saxon: werth
Old Dutch:
- Middle Dutch: wert, waert
  - Dutch: waard
Old High German: werd
- Middle High German: wert
  - Cimbrian: bèart
  - German: wert, Wert
    - → Polish: wart
    - → Ukrainian: вартий (vartyj)
  - Hunsrik: Weert
  - Luxembourgish: wäert
Old Norse: verðr, verð
- Faroese: verður
- Icelandic: verður
- Norwegian: verdt, verd
- Danish: værd
- Old Swedish: værþer
  - Swedish: värd
- Westrobothnian: wähl
Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐍃 (wairþs), 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸 (wairþ) (<*werþą)
? Finnish: verta (“match”)

References

Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill
Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 415

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