< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱewh₁-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*ḱewh₁- (perfective) [1][2]

  1. to swell
  2. to be strong

Derived terms

Category Terms derived from the PIE root *ḱewh₁- not found
  • *ḱéwh₁-t ~ *ḱuh₁-ént (athematic root aorist)[2]
    • Hellenic: [Term?]
      • Ancient Greek: ἔκῡσᾰ (ékūsa)
    • Indo-Iranian: *HáĉwaHt
      • Indo-Aryan: *HáśwaHt
        • Sanskrit: अश्वत् (áśvat) (possible innovation based on ह्वयते (hváyati)/अह्वत् (áhvat))
      • Iranian: *HášwaHt
        • Avestan: 𐬯𐬏𐬌𐬛𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬌 (sūidiiāi, 3sg.aor.act.inf.)
  • *ḱuh₁-éye-ti (zero-grade éye-present)[2][3][4]
    • Hellenic: [Term?]
      • Ancient Greek: κυέω (kuéō, to be pregnant, become pregnant)
    • Indo-Iranian: *ĉuHáyati
      • Indo-Aryan: *śuHáyati
        • Sanskrit: श्वयति (śváyati, to swell, increase, grow)
      • Iranian: *ĉuHáyati
        • Khotanese: [script needed] (ha-sviṃdä, 3p.)
    • (possibly) Italic: *kīje- (< (Thurneysen's rule) *kūje-)
      • Latin: inciēns (big with young)
  • *ḱe-ḱówh₁-e ~ *ḱe-ḱuh₁-ḗr (reduplicated stative)[2]
    • Indo-Iranian: *ĉaĉuHā́
      • Indo-Aryan: *śaśuHā́
        • Sanskrit: शूशुवुर् (śūśuvur, are swollen)
  • *ḱuh₁-yé-ti (yé-present)[2]
    • Indo-Iranian: *ĉuHyáti
      • Iranian: *fra-ĉuHyátī
        • Ossetian:
          Digor: рӕсуйун (ræsujun)
          Iron: рӕсыйын (ræsyjyn)
  • *ḱí-ḱewh₁-ti ~ *ḱí-ḱuh₁-n̥ti (i-reduplicated athematic root present)
    • *ḱiḱh₁-ú-s[5]
      • Indo-Iranian: *ĉíĉHuš
        • Indo-Aryan: *śíśHuṣ
  • *ḱéwh₁-mn̥ ~ *ḱuh₁-méns
  • *ḱuh₁-nó-s[4]
    • Germanic: *hūną (top of a stick)[4]
      • Old English: *hūn
        • Old English: hūnþyrel
      • Middle Dutch: hune
      • Old Norse: húnn
    • Indo-Iranian: *ĉuHnás
      • Indo-Aryan: *śuHnás
        • Sanskrit: शुन (śuná, thriving)
  • *ḱuh₁-yó-s
    • Celtic: *kuwyos (young animal)[6]
      • Middle Welsh: cyw
  • *ḱḗwh₁-s ~ *ḱúh₁-s-és
    • *ḱéwh₁s-mn̥ ~ *ḱuh₁-méns
      • Indo-Iranian: *ĉúšma
        • Indo-Aryan: *śúṣma
          • Sanskrit: शुष्म (śúṣma, strong)
    • *ḱuh₁s-ó-s[7]
      • Indo-Iranian: *ĉuHsás
        • Indo-Aryan: *śuHsás
          • Sanskrit: शूष (śūṣá, strength)
  • *ḱówh₁-r̥ ~ ḱéwh₁-n̥s (strength)[8]
    • Indo-Iranian: *ĉáwHas
      • Indo-Aryan: *śáwHas
      • Iranian: *ĉáwHah
        • Avestan: 𐬯𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀 (sauua)
    • *ḱéwh₁r-o-s (strong)[1][9]
      • Celtic: *kawaros (hero)[9]
        • Brythonic: *kawar
          • Old Cornish: *caur
            • Old Cornish: caurmarch (camel)
          • Middle Welsh: cawr (giant)
        • Old Irish: cúar
        • Gaulish: Kauaros (personal name)
    • *ḱuh₁r-ó-s
      • Hellenic: [Term?]
        • Ancient Greek: κῦρος (kûros, supremacy)
          • Ancient Greek: κύριος (kúrios, lord, master)
      • Indo-Iranian: *ćúHras (see there for further descendants)
  • *ḱwéh₁-dʰ-o-h₁ or *ḱuh₁-o-dʰ-ó-h₁ (dual)
    • Indo-Iranian: *ĉwáHdʰaH or *ĉuHādʰáH
      • Iranian: *ćwáHdaH (army) (see there for further descendants)
  • (possibly) *ḱéwh₁-neh₂
    • Celtic: *kawanā
      • Old Irish: cúan (troop)

References

  1. Pokorny, Julius (1959), “k̑eu-, k̑eu̯ə-, k̑ū-, k̑u̯ā-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume II, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 592-594
  2. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*k̑u̯eh₁-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 339
  3. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “κυέω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 797
  4. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*hūna(n)-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 255
  5. Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001), “śíśu-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 641: “*ḱi-ḱuh₁-”
  6. Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*kuwyo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 231
  7. Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001), “śūṣá-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 652: “*ḱuh₁-s-ó-”
  8. Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001), “śū́rá-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 650-651: “*ḱuh₁r°”
  9. Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*kawaro-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 196
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