< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tm̥mós

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative forms

Suffix

*-tm̥mós [1]

  1. absolute superlative adjectival suffix.

Inflection
Thematic
masculine feminine
nominative *-tm̥mós *-tm̥méh₂
genitive *-tm̥mósyo *-tm̥méh₂s
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *-tm̥mós *-tm̥móh₁ *-tm̥móes
vocative *-tm̥mé *-tm̥móh₁ *-tm̥móes
accusative *-tm̥móm *-tm̥móh₁ *-tm̥móms
genitive *-tm̥mósyo *? *-tm̥móoHom
ablative *-tm̥méad *? *-tm̥mómos
dative *-tm̥móey *? *-tm̥mómos
locative *-tm̥méy, *-tm̥móy *? *-tm̥móysu
instrumental *-tm̥móh₁ *? *-tm̥mṓys
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *-tm̥méh₂ *-tm̥méh₂h₁(e) *-tm̥méh₂es
vocative *-tm̥méh₂ *-tm̥méh₂h₁(e) *-tm̥méh₂es
accusative *-tm̥mā́m *-tm̥méh₂h₁(e) *-tm̥méh₂m̥s
genitive *-tm̥méh₂s *? *-tm̥méh₂oHom
ablative *-tm̥méh₂s *? *-tm̥méh₂mos
dative *-tm̥méh₂ey *? *-tm̥méh₂mos
locative *-tm̥méh₂, *-tm̥méh₂i *? *-tm̥méh₂su
instrumental *-tm̥méh₂h₁ *? *-tm̥méh₂bʰi
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *-tm̥móm *-tm̥móy(h₁) *-tm̥méh₂
vocative *-tm̥móm *-tm̥móy(h₁) *-tm̥méh₂
accusative *-tm̥móm *-tm̥móy(h₁) *-tm̥méh₂
genitive *-tm̥mósyo *? *-tm̥móoHom
ablative *-tm̥méad *? *-tm̥mómos
dative *-tm̥móey *? *-tm̥mómos
locative *-tm̥méy, *-tm̥móy *? *-tm̥móysu
instrumental *-tm̥móh₁ *? *-tm̥mṓys

Derived terms
Category Proto-Indo-European adjectives suffixed with *-tm̥mós not found
  • *-is-tm̥m-ó-s, *-is-m̥m-ó-s (< *-yōs + *-tm̥mós, perhaps a conflation of *-(t)m̥mós and *-istós)[2][3]
    • Albanian: *-sama, *-isama[4]
    • Celtic: *-samos, *-isamos[5]
      • Brythonic: *-haβ̃ (see there for further descendants)
      • Old Irish: -em
    • Indo-Iranian: *-ištamás
      • Indo-Aryan: *-iṣtamás
        • Sanskrit: -इष्टम (-iṣṭamá)
    • Italic: *-isemos, *-semos, *-ismos
      • Latin: -issimus, -issumus, -simus, -īmus (see there for further descendants)

Descendants
  • Germanic: *-umô (< *-m̥mō < *-m̥mós, see there for further descendants)
  • Hellenic: *-təmos
    • Ancient Greek: -τᾰτος (-tatos) (contamination from *-istos)
  • Indo-Iranian: *-tamás (see there for further descendants)
  • Italic: *-temos
    • Latin: -timus

See also

References
  1. Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), “Comparison of Adjectives”, in New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, § Absolutives in *-(t)m̥mo-., pages 364-366
  2. Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), “Comparison of Adjectives”, in New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, § Morphological Composites (*-isto-, *-ison-, and the like)., pages 357-358
  3. Goede, Tim de (2014), de Vaan, Michiel; Lubotsky, A., editors, Derivational Morphology: New Perspectives on the Italo-Celtic Hypothesis (Research master thesis)‎, Leiden University, pages 61-62
  4. Orel, Vladimir (2000) A Concise Historical Grammar of the Albanian Language, Leiden: Brill, page 164
  5. Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN
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