< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁wérus
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Inflection
Older proterokinetic pattern:
| Athematic, proterokinetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | ||
| nominative | *h₁wérus | *h₁uréwih₂ | |
| genitive | *h₁uréws | *h₁uruyéh₂s | |
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *h₁wérus | *h₁wéruh₁(e) | *h₁wérewes |
| vocative | *h₁wéru | *h₁wéruh₁(e) | *h₁wérewes |
| accusative | *h₁wérum | *h₁wéruh₁(e) | *h₁wérums |
| genitive | *h₁uréws | *? | *h₁uréwoHom |
| ablative | *h₁uréws | *? | *h₁urúmos |
| dative | *h₁uréwey | *? | *h₁urúmos |
| locative | *h₁uréw, *h₁uréwi | *? | *h₁urúsu |
| instrumental | *h₁urúh₁ | *? | *h₁urúbʰi |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *h₁uréwih₂ | *h₁uréwih₂h₁(e) | *h₁uréwih₂es |
| vocative | *h₁uréwih₂ | *h₁uréwih₂h₁(e) | *h₁uréwih₂es |
| accusative | *h₁uréwih₂m̥ | *h₁uréwih₂h₁(e) | *h₁uréwih₂m̥s |
| genitive | *h₁uruyéh₂s | *? | *h₁uruyéh₂oHom |
| ablative | *h₁uruyéh₂s | *? | *h₁uruyéh₂mos |
| dative | *h₁uruyéh₂ey | *? | *h₁uruyéh₂mos |
| locative | *h₁uruyéh₂, *h₁uruyéh₂i | *? | *h₁uruyéh₂su |
| instrumental | *h₁uruyéh₂h₁ | *? | *h₁uruyéh₂bʰi |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *h₁wéru | *h₁wérwih₁ | *h₁wéruh₂ |
| vocative | *h₁wéru | *h₁wérwih₁ | *h₁wéruh₂ |
| accusative | *h₁wéru | *h₁wérwih₁ | *h₁wéruh₂ |
| genitive | *h₁uréws | *? | *h₁uréwoHom |
| ablative | *h₁uréws | *? | *h₁urúmos |
| dative | *h₁uréwey | *? | *h₁urúmos |
| locative | *h₁uréw, *h₁uréwi | *? | *h₁urúsu |
| instrumental | *h₁urúh₁ | *? | *h₁urúbʰi |
Later hysterokinetic pattern:
| Athematic, hysterokinetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | ||
| nominative | *h₁urús | *h₁uréwih₂ | |
| genitive | *h₁uréws | *h₁uruyéh₂s | |
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *h₁urús | *h₁urúh₁(e) | *h₁urúes |
| vocative | *h₁urú | *h₁urúh₁(e) | *h₁urúes |
| accusative | *h₁urúm | *h₁urúh₁(e) | *h₁urúms |
| genitive | *h₁uréws | *? | *h₁uréwoHom |
| ablative | *h₁uréws | *? | *h₁uréwmos |
| dative | *h₁uréwey | *? | *h₁uréwmos |
| locative | *h₁uréw, *h₁uréwi | *? | *h₁uréwsu |
| instrumental | *h₁uréwh₁ | *? | *h₁uréwbʰi |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *h₁uréwih₂ | *h₁uréwih₂h₁(e) | *h₁uréwih₂es |
| vocative | *h₁uréwih₂ | *h₁uréwih₂h₁(e) | *h₁uréwih₂es |
| accusative | *h₁uréwih₂m̥ | *h₁uréwih₂h₁(e) | *h₁uréwih₂m̥s |
| genitive | *h₁uruyéh₂s | *? | *h₁uruyéh₂oHom |
| ablative | *h₁uruyéh₂s | *? | *h₁uruyéh₂mos |
| dative | *h₁uruyéh₂ey | *? | *h₁uruyéh₂mos |
| locative | *h₁uruyéh₂, *h₁uruyéh₂i | *? | *h₁uruyéh₂su |
| instrumental | *h₁uruyéh₂h₁ | *? | *h₁uruyéh₂bʰi |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *h₁urú | *h₁urúyh₁ | *h₁urúh₂ |
| vocative | *h₁urú | *h₁urúyh₁ | *h₁urúh₂ |
| accusative | *h₁urú | *h₁urúyh₁ | *h₁urúh₂ |
| genitive | *h₁uréws | *? | *h₁uréwoHom |
| ablative | *h₁uréws | *? | *h₁uréwmos |
| dative | *h₁uréwey | *? | *h₁uréwmos |
| locative | *h₁uréw, *h₁uréwi | *? | *h₁uréwsu |
| instrumental | *h₁uréwh₁ | *? | *h₁uréwbʰi |
Descendants
Derived terms
- *h₁weru-wokʷ-, *h₁uru-wkʷ- (“far-sounding”)
- Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: εὐρύοπα (eurúopa)
- Indo-Iranian:
- Vedic Sanskrit: उरूची (urūcī́)
- Hellenic:
References
- Ringe, Don (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic, Oxford University Press
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