< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pérkus

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *perkʷ-.

Noun

*pérkus m [1]

  1. oak

Inflection
Athematic, proterokinetic
singular
nominative *pérkus
genitive *pr̥kʷéws
singular dual plural
nominative *pérkus *pérkuh₁(e) *pérkewes
vocative *pérku *pérkuh₁(e) *pérkewes
accusative *pérkum *pérkuh₁(e) *pérkums
genitive *pr̥kʷéws *? *pr̥kʷéwoHom
ablative *pr̥kʷéws *? *pr̥kʷúmos
dative *pr̥kʷéwey *? *pr̥kʷúmos
locative *pr̥kʷéw, *pr̥kʷéwi *? *pr̥kʷúsu
instrumental *pr̥kʷúh₁ *? *pr̥kʷúbʰi

Descendants
  • Celtic: *kʷerkʷus
    • ⇒ Celtic: *kʷerkʷernos (“oak people”)[2]
      • Celtiberian: [Term?]
      • Venetic: [Term?]
        • → Latin: Quarquenī (ethnonym)
    • ⇒ Celtic: *kʷerxtos (“bush”)[3]
      • Brythonic: *perθ
        • Cornish: Penberth (toponym)
        • Middle Welsh: perth (“bush, hedge, thicket”)
      • Old Irish: ceirt (“apple-tree”)
  • Germanic: *ferhuz (“body; life; oak-tree”) (see there for further descendants)
    • ⇒ Germanic: *ferhwą (“life, essence”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Italic: *kʷerkʷus[4]

References
  1. Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 160
  2. Prósper, Blanca María (2014), “Sifting the evidence: New interpretations on Celtic and Non-Celtic personal names of western Hispania in the light of phonetics, composition and suffixation”, in García Alonso, Juan Luis, editor, Continental Celtic Word Formation: The Onomastic Data‎, Salamanca: Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca
  3. Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*kʷerxt-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 178
  4. De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “quercus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 506
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