< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sperdʰ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*sperdʰ- [1][2]

  1. to compete, contest, struggle

Derived terms
  • *spérdʰ-e-ti (thematic present)
    • Armenian:
      • Old Armenian: սպրդեմ (sprdem) (uncertain, see entry for discussion)
    • Indo-Iranian: *spárdʰati
      • Indo-Aryan: *spárdʰati
      • Iranian: *spárdati[4] (uncertain)
        • Khotanese: spal- (spal-, “to twitch”)
  • *spérdʰ-ti ~ *spr̥dʰ-énti (athematic root present)
    • Anatolian: [Term?]
      • Hittite: [script needed] (iš-par-zi-zi /išpartzi/)[5]
  • *spérdʰ-t ~ *spr̥dʰ-ént (root aorist)
    • Indo-Iranian: *Háspr̥dʰant
      • Indo-Aryan: *Háspr̥dʰant
        • Sanskrit: अस्पृध्रन् (áspṛdhran)
  • *spŕ̥dʰ-
    • Germanic: *spurdz (“racecourse”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Indo-Iranian: *spŕ̥dʰ-
      • Indo-Aryan: *spŕ̥dʰ-
      • Iranian: *spŕ̥d-
        • Avestan: 𐬯𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬛𐬁‎ (spərədā, “zeal”)

References
  1. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*sperdʰ-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 580
  2. Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill
  3. Monier Williams (1899), “Proto-Indo-European/sperdʰ-”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 1268.
  4. Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*spard”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 352
  5. Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “išpart-zi”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 475
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