Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/ǰiHwás

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From earlier *gʲiHwás, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wós. Cognate with Proto-Hellenic *gʷīwos.

Adjective

*ǰiHwás

alive

Descendants

Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́iHwás
- Sanskrit: जीव (jīvá)
  - Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀚𑀻𑀯 (jīva)
    - Awadhi: जिउ (jiu)
  - Dardic: *jīvá
    - Kashmiri: [script needed] (zīv), [script needed] (zuv)
  - Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀚𑀻𑀯 (jīva)
    - Assamese: জীউ (ziu)
    - Bengali: জীউ (jīu), জি (ji)
    - Bihari:
      - Bhojpuri: जीउ (jīu), जिव (jiv)
      - Maithili: जिउ (jiu), जिआ (jiā)
    - Oriya: ଜୀଉ (jīu, “spirit”), ଜୀ (jī)
  - Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀚𑀻𑀯 (jīva)
    - Konkani: जीवु (jīvu)
  - Pali: jīva
  - Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀚𑀻𑀯 (jīva)
    - Garhwali: ज्यु (jyu)
    - Hindustani:
      Hindi: जीउ (jīu) जी (jī), जिया (jiyā)
      Urdu: جی‎‎ (jī)
    - Kumaoni: ज्यू (jyū), ज्यो (jyo)
    - Nepali: जीउ (jiu)
    - Punjabi: ਜੀਓ (jīo), ਜੀ (jī)
    - Romani: dži (“heart, soul”)
    - Sindhi: जीउ (jīu)
Iranian: *ǰiHwáh
- Central Iranian:
  - Avestan: 𐬘𐬎𐬎𐬋‎‎ (juuō‎)
- Southwestern Iranian:
  - Old Persian: 𐎪𐎺 (ji-v /jiva/)
    - Middle Persian: [script needed] (žīwandāg, “living, alive metal”)
      - Persian: جیوه‎ (jīve, “alive metal, Mercury”)
Nuristani: *ǰīwá
- Northern Nuristani:
  - Kamkata-viri:
    Kamviri: ǰūa
    
    Kativiri: ǰave

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