Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/kapʰas

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

Lubotsky suggests a non-Indo-European origin. Possibly from the BMAC substrate.

Noun

kápʰas or kapʰás m

mucus, phlegm

Declension

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kapʰás	*kapʰā́	*kapʰā́, -ā́s(as)
vocative	*kapʰa	*kapʰā́	*kapʰā́, -ā́s(as)
accusative	*kapʰám	*kapʰā́	*kapʰā́ns
instrumental	*kapʰā́	*kapʰáybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām	*kapʰā́yš
ablative	*kapʰā́t	*kapʰáybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām	*kapʰáybʰyas
dative	*kapʰā́y	*kapʰáybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām	*kapʰáybʰyas
genitive	*kapʰásya	*kapʰáyās	*kapʰā́na(H)m
locative	*kapʰáy	*kapʰáyaw	*kapʰáyšu

Descendants

Indo-Aryan: *kapʰas
- Sanskrit: कफ (kapha)
  - → Gujarati: કફ (kaph)
  - → Hindi: कफ (kaph)
  - → Tulu: ಕಫ (kapha)
  - → Kannada: ಕಫ (kapha)
Iranian: *kafah
- Avestan: 𐬐𐬀𐬟𐬀‎ (kafa)

References

Lubotsky, Alexander (1999), “The Indo-Iranian substratum”, in Early Contacts between Uralic and Indo-European: Linguistic and Archaeological Considerations‎, Helsinki

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