Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/stríH

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)s-ér-ih₂ ~ *(h₁)s-r̥-yeh₂, from *(h₁)ós-r̥, *(h₁)és-r-. Compare Tocharian B ṣarya (“lady”).[1]

Noun

*stríH f

a woman

Declension

yaH-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*stríH	*stríH	*stríH́s
vocative	*stríH	*stríH	*stríH́s
accusative	*stríHm	*stríH	*stríH́s
instrumental	*stryáH	*stríHbʰyā(m)	*stríHbʰiš
ablative	*stryáHs	*stríHbʰyā(m)	*stríHbʰyas
dative	*stryáy	*stríHbʰyā(m)	*stríHbʰyas
genitive	*stryáHs	*stríyās	*stríHnām
locative	*stryáH	*stríyaw	*stríHsu

Descendants

Indo-Aryan: *stríH
- Sanskrit: स्त्री (strī́)
  - Pali: itthi
  - Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀇𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀻 (itthī)
    - Hindi: तिय (tiy)
    - Rajasthani: अस्त्री (astrī), तिरिया (tiriyā)
  - Dardic: *istrī́
    - Kalasha: istríža
  - Gandhari: 𐨀𐨁𐨯𐨿𐨟𐨿𐨪𐨁‎ (istri)
  - → Kannada: ಸ್ತ್ರೀ (strī)
  - → Persian: ستی‎ (setī, “an Indian woaman who her husband has died”)
Iranian: *stríH
- Central Iranian:
  - Avestan: 𐬯𐬙𐬭𐬍‎ (strī)
- Eastern Iranian:
  - Khotanese: 𑀲𑁆𑀢𑀭𑀺𑀬𑀸 (striyā)
  - Ossetian: силӕ (silæ)
  - Sogdian: [Term?] (/(ə)strīč/, “female; woman”)
    Manichaean: 𐫀𐫘𐫤𐫡𐫏𐫝‎ (ʾstryc), 𐫘𐫤𐫡𐫏𐫝‎ (stryc)
    
    Sogdian: 𐼼𐽂𐽀𐼷𐼿‎ (ʾstʾyrch)
    
    Syriac: ܣܬܪܝܨ‎ (stryc)
  - Pashto: سړۍ‎ (saṛǝy, “woman; wife; lady”) (Perhaps)
  - Shughni: [script needed] (štā, “daughter, girl”), [script needed] (štākak) (>*stríH-āk-akaH)
- Western Iranian:
  - Kurdish:
    Northern Kurdish: stî (“lady, madam”)
    - → Persian: ست‎ (set, “lady; woman”), ستی‎ (setī, “O Woman!, O Lady!”) (Perhaps)
      - → Arabic: ستي‎ (sittay, “O Lady!”)
  - Middle Persian: [Term?] (/srīgar/, “female”)
    Manichaean: 𐫘𐫡𐫏𐫃𐫡‎ (srygr), 𐫘𐫡𐫏𐫏𐫃𐫡‎ (sryygr)

References

Ronald I. Kim (2014), “A Tale of Two Suffixes: *-h₂-, *-ih₂-, and the Evolution of Feminine Gender in Proto-Indo-European”, in Studies on the Collective and Feminine in Indo-European from a Diachronic and Typological Perspective

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[1] Ronald I. Kim (2014), “A Tale of Two Suffixes: *-h₂-, *-ih₂-, and the Evolution of Feminine Gender in Proto-Indo-European”, in Studies on the Collective and Feminine in Indo-European from a Diachronic and Typological Perspective