< Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/mádu

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *mádʰu, from Proto-Indo-European *médʰu.

Noun

*mádu n [1]

  1. honey
  2. wine

Derived terms
  • *mādawyaH (possibly)[2][3]
    • Pashto:
      Waziri: مېلوه‎ (melawá), ملوه‎ (malwá, “vine, grape”)

Descendants
  • Central Iranian:
    • Avestan: 𐬨𐬀𐬜𐬎‎ (maδu, “wine”)
  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Scythian: [Term?]
      • Khotanese: [script needed] (mau, “intoxicent drink”)
      • Old Ossetic: *mud[4]
        • Ossetian: (“honey”)
          Digor: муд (mud)
          Iron: мыд (myd)
    • Sogdo-Bactrian:
      • Bactrian: μολο (molo /mol, mul/, “wine”)
      • Sogdian: (“wine”)
        Manichaean: 𐫖𐫔𐫇‎ (mδw /maδu/)
        Sogdian: 𐼺𐼹𐼴‎ (mδw /maδu/), 𐼺𐼴𐼹‎ (mwδ /muδ/), [script needed] (ΓʾMRH)
        Old Sogdian: [Old Sogdian needed] (mδw /maδu/)
        Syriac: ܡܕܘ‎ (mdw)
        • → Classical Persian: مل‎ (mul, “wine”) (reboworroing[5][3])
        • ⇒ Sogdian:
          Sogdian: 𐼺𐼹𐼰𐼸‎ (mδʾk /maδē/)
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Kurdish:
      Northern Kurdish: mot, motî, motik (“molasses”)
    • Medo-Parthian: [Term?]
      • Parthian:
        Inscriptional Parthian: 𐭇𐭌𐭓‎ (ḤMR /maδ/)
      • Tatic: [Term?]
        • Talysh: (/mad/, “wine”)
          Arabic: مد‎
          Latin: məd
        • Old Tati: *maδ, *mad (“syrup; wine”)[6]
          • Harzani: مت (mat, “thick syrup; molasses”)
          • Karingani: مات (māt, “syrup”)
          • ⇒ Old Tati: *maδāw (“grape syrup-water”) (possibly, + *āw (“water”))[6]
            • → Azerbaijani: مذو‎ (mazow, “grape syrup with water”) (Urmia dialect)
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Old Persian: *madu[7]
      • Middle Persian: (/may/, “wine”)
        Manichaean: 𐫖𐫏‎ (my)
        Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (HS), [Book Pahlavi needed] (mdy)
        Inscriptional Pahlavi: 𐭧𐭮‎ (HS)
        • Classical Persian: می‎ (may, “wine”)
          • Dari: می‎ (may)
          • Iranian Persian: می‎ (mey)
          • Tajik: май (may)
          • → Azerbaijani:
            Arabic: مئی‎ (mey)
            Latin: mey
          • → Kurdish:
            Central Kurdish: مه‌ی‎ (may)
            Northern Kurdish: mey (may)
          • → Pashto: می‎ (may)
          • → Ottoman Turkish: می‎ (may),
          • → Urdu: مے‎ (mai)
          • → Uzbek: may
        • → Parthian: 𐫖𐫏‎ (my /may/)

References
  1. Schmitt, Rüdiger (1989) Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum‎, Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 460
  2. Morgenstierne, Georg (1927) An Etymological Vocabulary of Pashto (Skrifter utgitt av det Norske Videnskapsakademi i Oslo; 3), Oslo: J. Dybwad, page 44
  3. Bailey, H. W. (1979), “mau”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 340
  4. Kim, Ronald I. (2007), “Two problems of Ossetic nominal morphology”, in Journal of Indo-European Studies and Historical Linguistics‎, volume 112, DOI:10.1515/9783110192858.1.47, ISSN 0019-7262, page 48
  5. Gharib, B. (1995), “Proto-Iranian/mádu”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page xxxv
  6. Zakâ, Yahyâ (2018) Jastâr-hâ'i darbâre-ye zabân-e mardom-e Âzarbâyjân [Essays on the language of the Azerbaijani people] (Majmu'ah-i intešârât adabi va târixi, mawqufât-i Duktur Mahmud Afšâr Yazdi; 64), Tehran: Intishârât-i Duktur Mahmud Afšâr, →ISBN, page 154
  7. Rezai Baghbidi, Hassan (2017) Middle Persian Historical Phonology, Osaka: Osaka University, page 54
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