< Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/xšwiptah

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

Of unknown origin.[1] Not related to *xšwīd-[2].

Noun

*xšwiptah [3][4][5][6]

  1. milk
    Synonyms: *páyHah, *xšiHrám

Derived terms
  • *xšwiptakah (“milky, sweet”)
    • Middle Persian:
      Manichaean: 𐫢𐫏𐫜𐫤𐫃‎ (šyftg /šiftag/)
      • ⇒ Middle Persian:
        Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (špt'twk' /šiftālūg/, “peach”)
    • Parthian:
      Manichaean: 𐫢𐫏𐫜𐫤𐫃‎ (šyftg /šiftag/)
    • Sogdian: (/ᵊxšiβdē/)
      Sogdian: 𐼰𐼲𐽁𐼷𐼱𐽂𐼸‎ (ʾɣšyβtk), 𐼰𐼲𐽁𐼷𐼱𐽂𐼷‎ (ʾɣšyβty)
      Old Sogdian: [Old Sogdian needed] (ʾɣšyβtk), [Old Sogdian needed] (ʾɣšyβty)
Unsorted formations
  • Kurdish: (“watermelon”)
    Central Kurdish: شووتی‎ (şûtî)
    Northern Kurdish: şiftî
  • *xšwiptiH (“milk”)
    • Sogdo-Bactrian:
      • Chorasmian: [script needed] (xwfcy /xuβği/)
      • Sogdian: (/ᵊxšiβdi/)
        Brahmi: [Brahmi needed] (hṣawdʰi), [Brahmi needed] (hṣawṯi)
        Old Sogdian: [Old Sogdian needed] (ʾɣšyβty)
    • Ormuri: [script needed] (šīpī)

Descendants
  • Central Iranian:
    • Avestan: 𐬑𐬱𐬎𐬎𐬌𐬞𐬙𐬀‎ (xšuuipta)
  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Khotanese: [script needed] (ṣvīdä)
    • Sogdic: [Term?]
      • Sogdian: (/ᵊxšiβd(a)/)
        Manichaean: 𐫑𐫢𐫏𐫂𐫤‎ (xšyβt)
        Sogdian: 𐼰𐼲𐽁𐼷𐼱𐽂‎ (ʾɣšyβt), 𐼰𐼶𐽁𐼰𐼷𐼱𐽂‎ (ʾxšʾyβt)
      • Yagnobi: хшифт (xⁱšíft)
  • Southeastern Iranian:
    • Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji: [Term?]
      • Munji-Yidgha: [Term?]
        • Yidgha: [script needed] (xᵘšuvd)
      • Shughni-Yazgulami: [Term?]
        • Shughni-Roshani: [Term?]
          • Bartangi-Oroshori:
            Bartangi: xuvd
          • Shughni: x̌ūvd
          • Roshani-Khufi:
            Roshani: x̌ūvd
          • Sarikoli: x̌ɛwd
        • Yazgulyam: [script needed] (x̌°ovd)
    • Pashto: شيدې‎ (šidé), شودې‎ (šodé)
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Medo-Parthian: [Term?]
      • Old Median: [Term?]
        • Middle Median: [Term?]
          • Sivandi: شت (šet)
          • Tatic: [Term?]
            • Talysh:
              Arabic: شت‎
              Latin: şət
            • Old Tati: [Term?]
              • Harzani: شت (šet)
              • Karingani: شت (šēt)
        • Semnani: [script needed] (šet), [script needed] (šat)
      • Parthian: (/šift/)
        Manichaean: 𐫢𐫏𐫜𐫎‎ (šyfṯ), 𐫢𐫏𐫜𐫤‎ (šyft)
        • → Middle Persian: (/šift/) (reborrowing[7])
          Manichaean: 𐫢𐫏𐫜𐫤‎ (šyft)
      • Zaza-Gorani: [Term?]
        • Gurani: شۆت‎ (šōt)
        • Zazaki: şid, şit

References
  1. Romain Garnier, Laurent Sagart, Benoît Sagot. Milk and the Indo-Europeans. Martine Robeets; Alexander Savalyev Language Dispersal Beyond Farming, John Benjamins Publishing Company, p.307, 2017, 978 90 272 1255 9.
  2. Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 453
  3. Bryant F., Edwin; Patton, Laurie L. (2005) The Indo-Aryan Controversy: Evidence and Inference in Indian History, London and New York: Routledge, →ISBN, page 218
  4. Asatrian, Garnik (2009), “Prolegomena to the Study of the Kurds”, in Iran and the Caucasus, volume 13, issue 1, Leiden: Brill, DOI:10.1163/160984909X12476379007846, ISSN 1609-8498, page 33
  5. Garnik S. Asatrian (1995), “DIMLĪ”, in Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition‎, New York
  6. Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎, Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 183
  7. Henning, W. (1937), “A List of Middle-Persian and Parthian Words”, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London‎, volume 9, issue 1, Cambridge University Press, JSTOR 608178
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