Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ṯin-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Etymology

Compare with Central Atlas Tamazight ⵙⵉⵏ (sin) and Egyptian snwj.

Numeral

**Proto-Semitic cardinal numbers**
< 1	2	3 >
Cardinal : *ṯin-

*ṯin-

two

Derived terms

*ṯin-āni ~ *(i)ṯn-āni (absolute with dual suffix)[1]
- East Semitic:
  - Akkadian: 𒋛𒅔 (šinā [ší-in]) (form with nunation possibly attested in Old Babylonian 𒋛𒉌𒅔 (šinān [ší-ni-in]))
- West Semitic:
  - Arabic: اِثْنَانِ‎ (iṯnāni) (see there for further descendants)
  - Modern South Arabian:
    - Bathari: ṯeroh
    - Harsusi: ṯruh
    - Hobyót: iṯroh
    - Mehri: ṯroh
  - Northwest Semitic:
    - Aramaic: תְּרַיִן‎ (tərayin), Aramaic: תְּרַין‎ (tərēn)
    - Canaanite:
      - Hebrew: שְׁנַיִם‎ (šənayim)
      - Phoenician: ‎𐤔𐤍𐤌‎ (‎šnm), 𐤀‎𐤔𐤍𐤌‎ (ʾ‎šnm)
    - Ugaritic: 𐎘𐎐 (ṯn)
  - Old South Arabian:
    - Hadrami: 𐩯𐩬𐩺𐩣‎ (s₃nym)
*ṯin-ā ~ *(i)ṯn-ā (construct with dual suffix)
- Arabic: اِثْنَا‎‎ (iṯnā)
- Northwest Semitic:
  - Aramaic: תְּרֵי‎ (tərē)
  - Hebrew: שְׁנֵי‎ (šənē)
*ṯin-at-āni ~ *(i)ṯn-at-āni (absolute with feminine and dual suffix)
- East Semitic:
  - Akkadian: 𒈫 (MIN /šittā/)
- West Semitic:
  - Arabic: ثِنْتَانِ‎ (ṯintāni), اِثْنَتَانِ‎‎ (iṯnatāni) (see there for further descendants)
  - Modern South Arabian:
    - Bathari: ṯerēt
    - Harsusi: ṯart
    - Hobyót: iṯrīt
    - Mehri: ṯrayt
  - Northwest Semitic:
    - Aramaic: תַּרְתֵּיִן‎ (tartayin), Aramaic: תַּרְתֵּין‎ (tartēn)
    - Hebrew: שְׁתַּיִם‎ (štayim)
    - Ugaritic: 𐎘𐎚 (ṯt)
*ṯin-t-ā ~ *(i)ṯn-at-ā (construct with feminine and dual suffix)
- Arabic: ثِنْتَا‎ (ṯintā), اِثْنَتَا‎‎ (iṯnatā)
*(i)ṯn̥-t-ā ~ *(i)ṯr̥-t-ā (construct with feminine and dual suffix and syncope)
- Hebrew: שְׁתֵּי‎ (štē) < *štā < *ṯtā < *ṯt-t-ā < *ṯn̥-t-ā
Unsorted formations:
- Old South Arabian: , 𐩻𐩬𐩺‎ (ṯny)

References

Richard C. Steiner (2012), “Vowel Syncope and Syllable Repair Processes in Proto-Semitic Construct Forms: A New Reconstruction Based on the Law of Diminishing Conditioning”, in Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization‎, volume 67, ISSN 0081-7554, page 376

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[1] Richard C. Steiner (2012), “Vowel Syncope and Syllable Repair Processes in Proto-Semitic Construct Forms: A New Reconstruction Based on the Law of Diminishing Conditioning”, in Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization‎, volume 67, ISSN 0081-7554, page 376