Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/ŋəw

• Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *nguɣw (Coblin, 1986)
  • Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *ŋəw (Matisoff, STEDT), *ŋuw (Benedict, 1972; LaPolla, 1987; Michailovsky, 1991), *nguw (*A) (Coblin, 1986)

*ŋəw

1. to cry, weep

• Old Chinese: 嗸, 嗷 (/*ŋaːw/ (ZS), “sound of wailing”)
  • Middle Chinese: 嗸, 嗷 /ŋɑu/
    • Modern Mandarin
      • Beijing: 嗸, 嗷 (áo), /ˀɑʊ̯³⁵/
• Himalayish
  • Tibeto-Kanauri
    • Bodic
      • Tibetan
        • Written Tibetan: ངུ་བ (ngu ba, “to cry, weep”)
  • Kiranti: *ŋok- ~ *ŋak- (“cry”) (Michailovsky, 1991)
• Tangut-Qiang
  • Northern Tangut
    • Tangut: 𗥸 (ŋuw, /*ŋʊw³⁵/, “to cry, sob”)
• Lolo-Burmese: *ŋəw¹ (“weep”) (Matisoff, 2003)
  • Burmish
    • Burmese: ငို (ngui, “to weep, cry, shed tears”)
  • Loloish: *ŋo¹ (“cry”) (Bradley, 1979)
    • Northern Loloish
      • Yi (Liangshan): ꉩ (ngo, “to cry”)
    • Central Loloish
      • Lisu (Southern): ꓥꓴꓻ (ŋu, “to cry”)
• Naic:
  • Naish:
    • Naxi: ngvq (“to cry, to weep”)
• Nungish:
  • Rawang: ngø (“to cry, to weep”)
  • Trung/Drung/Dulong: ngeu (“to cry”)

• *krap (“to weep”)
• *s-r(j)a-j/s/t (“to laugh”)
• *ŋwa (“cattle”)
• *r-ŋaw (“to fry, roast”)