Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/p(r)ak ~ r-pak

• Proto-Sino-Tibetan: ?
  • Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *p(r)ak ⪤ *r-pak (Matisoff, STEDT)

*p(r)ak ~ r-pak

1. shoulder, (upper) arm

• Old Chinese: 髆, 拍 (*paːg (ZS), “shoulder blade”), *胉 (*paːg, *praːg, *pʰraːg (ZS), “shoulder blade”)
  • Middle Chinese: 髆 /pwɑk/, 膊 /pʰwɑk/
    • Modern Mandarin
      • Beijing: 胳膊 ("arm") (gēbo, /kɤ⁵⁵ bɔ²/)
• Himalayish
  • Tibeto-Kanauri
    • Bodic
      • Tibetan
        • Written Tibetan: ཕྲག་པ (phrag pa, “shoulder”) (> ཕྲག་གོང (phrag gong, “upper arm”))
• Tangut-Qiang
  • rGyalrongic
    • Situ: ta rpak (“shoulder”)
• Jingpho-Asakian
  • Jingpho
    • Jingpho: hpa, lahpa, kahpa (“shoulder”)
• Lolo-Burmese-Naxi
  • Lolo-Burmese
    • Burmish
      • Written Burmese: perhaps ပခုံး (pa.hkum:, “shoulder”)

• *pwaŋ (“(upper) arm; shoulder”)
• *baw (“shoulder < *round part”), *bu (“ball, egg, round object”)
• Proto-Indo-European: *bʰāǵʰus (“forearm, elbow”) (> Ancient Greek πῆχυς (pêkhus)); also Latin bracchium (“forearm”); Ancient Greek βραχίων (brakhíōn, “arm”).