< Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan

Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/s-ni(ː)ŋ ~ s-nik

This Proto-Sino-Tibetan entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan

Etymology

  • Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *s-niːŋ (Chou, 1972); *ning (Coblin, 1986)
    • Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *s-ni(ː)ŋ ⪤ *s-nik (Matisoff, STEDT); *niŋ (Benedict, 1972; Chou, 1972); *s-niŋ (Weidert, 1987; LaPolla, 1987)

Noun

*s-ni(ː)ŋ ~ s-nik

  1. year
  2. harvest

Descendants

  • Old Chinese: (*C.nˁiŋ (B-S), *niːŋ (ZS), year; ripening; harvest; age)
    • Middle Chinese: /nen/
      • Modern Mandarin
        • Beijing: (nián, /ni̯ɛn³⁵/)
      • Cantonese
        • Guangzhou: /niːn²¹/
      • Wu
        • Shanghai: (ȵi²³)
    • Min
      • Min Nan
        • Taiwan: /ni²⁴/ (colloquial), /li̯an²⁴/ (literary)
  • Himalayish
    • Tibeto-Kanauri
      • Bodic
        • Tibetan
          • Written Tibetan: ནིང (ning, year) (> ན་ནིང (na ning, last year))
  • Nungish:
    • Trung/Drung/Dulong: ning
  • Karen: *ˀneŋᴮ (Luangthongkum, 2013)
  • Lolo-Burmese-Naxi
    • Lolo-Burmese
      • Burmish
        • Burmese: နှစ် (hnac, year) (> အနှစ် (a.hnac, year))

See also

  • Proto-Mon-Khmer: *cn₁a(ː)m (year) (Khmer ឆ្នាំ (cnam), Mon သၞာံ (hnam), Vietnamese năm) - cognate with Old Chinese (/*njɯːm/ (ZS), "ripening, year").
  • Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *s-(g)la (moon, month)
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