< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ňiva
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Inflection
Declension of *ňìva (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *ňìva | *ňìvě | *ňìvy |
| Accusative | *ňìvǫ | *ňìvě | *ňìvy |
| Genitive | *ňìvy | *ňìvu | *ňìvъ |
| Locative | *ňìvě | *ňìvu | *ňìvasъ, *ňìvaxъ* |
| Dative | *ňìvě | *ňìvama | *ňìvamъ |
| Instrumental | *ňìvojǫ, *ňìvǭ** | *ňìvama | *ňìvamī |
| Vocative | *ňìvo | *ňìvě | *ňìvy |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “ни́ва”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*ņìva”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 354
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