< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kopьje
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
According to Trubachev, likely a substantivation of a deverbal adjective meaning 'something used to stab', the generative verb being reconstructed possibly as athematic earlier version of *kopati. Per Derksen further from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kop-, probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kep- (“to strike, beat”).
Declension
Most languages reflect AP b, but Serbo-Croatian and Slovene also show AP c.
Declension of *kopьjè (soft o-stem, accent paradigm b)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *kopьjè | *kopь̀ji | *kopь̀ja |
| Accusative | *kopьjè | *kopь̀ji | *kopь̀ja |
| Genitive | *kopьjà | *kopьju | *kopь̀jь |
| Locative | *kopьjì | *kopьju | *kopь̀jixъ |
| Dative | *kopьjù | *kopьjema | *kopь̀jemъ |
| Instrumental | *kopьjь̀mь, *kopьjèmь* | *kopьjema | *kopь̀ji |
| Vocative | *kopьjè | *kopь̀ji | *kopь̀ja |
* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.
Declension of *kȍpьje (soft o-stem, accent paradigm c)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *kȍpьje | *kȍpьji | *kopьjà |
| Accusative | *kȍpьje | *kȍpьji | *kopьjà |
| Genitive | *kȍpьja | *kopьjù | *kopь̀jь |
| Locative | *kȍpьji | *kopьjù | *kopьjíxъ |
| Dative | *kȍpьju | *kopьjemà | *kopьjémъ |
| Instrumental | *kȍpьjьmь, *kȍpьjemь* | *kopьjemà | *kopьjí |
| Vocative | *kȍpьje | *kȍpьji | *kopьjà |
* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Russian: копьё (kopʹjó)
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*kopьje”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 234: “n. io ‘spear, lance’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “kopьje”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b lanse, spyd (SA 150; PR 135)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “kọ̄pje”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar, Ljubljana: Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, →ISBN: “*kopьjȅ (ali *kȍpьje)”
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