< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kyvati
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *kh₁u-, from the root *keh₁w-. Cognate with Latin cēveō (“to move the backside in a lewd manner, to twerk”). Vasmer suggests a possible additional cognate in Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌴𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 (skēwjan, “to wander”), while Chernykh adds as possibilities Ossetian чи́уын (ḱíwyn, “to stagger, to stumble”) (also кеун (kewn)), Kurdish [script needed] (keyan, “to waver, to wobble”).
Inflection
Conjugation of *kyvati (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ati
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *kyvanьje | *kyvati | *kyvatъ | *kyvalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *kyvanъ | *kyvajemъ |
| Active | *kyvavъ | *kyvaję |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *kyvaxъ | *kyva | *kyva | *kyvajǫ | *kyvaješi | *kyvajetь |
| Dual | *kyvaxově | *kyvasta | *kyvaste | *kyvajevě | *kyvajeta | *kyvajete |
| Plural | *kyvaxomъ | *kyvaste | *kyvašę | *kyvajemъ | *kyvajete | *kyvajǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *kyvaaxъ | *kyvaaše | *kyvaaše | — | *kyvaji | *kyvaji |
| Dual | *kyvaaxově | *kyvaašeta | *kyvaašete | *kyvajivě | *kyvajita | — |
| Plural | *kyvaaxomъ | *kyvaašete | *kyvaaxǫ | *kyvajimъ | *kyvajite | — |
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: кывати (kyvati) (13th century)
- Belarusian: ківа́ць (kivácʹ)
- Russian: кива́ть (kivátʹ)
- Ukrainian: кива́ти (kyváty)
- Old East Slavic: кывати (kyvati) (13th century)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: кывати (kyvati)
- Glagolitic: [Term?]
- Bulgarian: ки́вам (kívam) (dialectal)
- Slovene: kívati (tonal orthography) (obsolete, dialectal)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Černyx, P. Ja. (1999), “кива́ть”, in Istoriko-etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1, 3rd reprint edition, Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 394
- Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “кива́ть”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*keh₁u̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 343
- Trubačóv, Oleg, editor (1987), “*kyvati”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ slavjanskix jazykov [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), volume 13, Moscow: Nauka, page 283
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*kyvati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 267: “v. ‘nod’”
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