< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/nyti
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
- Derksen: From Proto-Balto-Slavic *nūˀ(d)-, cognate with Lithuanian panū́sti (“to yearn”). Derksen considers the most likely cognates outside of Balto-Slavic to be Old High German need, force (noþs), Old English nēod (“need”), English need, which may contain a Proto-Indo-European suffix *-ti- based off of a root *newH- (or *new-). Derksen assumes a relationship with *nùditi (“to compel, to force”) and *nùtiti (“to compel, to force”), which may have distinct root enlargements on top of the same underlying root.
- Vasmer, Trubačev (ESSJa), Chernykh: Cognate with Old East Slavic навь (navĭ), навье (navĭe, “dead man”), Lithuanian nõvyti (“to torment, to ruin, to afflict”), Latvian nâvêt (“to kill”), Latvian nâvîtiês (“to worry, to agonize”), Gothic 𐌽𐌰𐌿𐍃 (naus, “dead man, corpse”) (from Proto-Germanic *nawiz (“corpse”)), Old Irish núnа (“hunger”), from Proto-Indo-European *neh₂u-.
Inflection
Conjugation of *nyti (impf., -V-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *nytьje | *nyti | *nytъ | *nylъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *nytъ | *nyjemъ |
| Active | *nyvъ | *nyję |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *nyxъ | *ny | *ny | *nyjǫ | *nyješi | *nyjetь |
| Dual | *nyxově | *nysta | *nyste | *nyjevě | *nyjeta | *nyjete |
| Plural | *nyxomъ | *nyste | *nyšę | *nyjemъ | *nyjete | *nyjǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *nyjaaxъ | *nyjaaše | *nyjaaše | — | *nyji | *nyji |
| Dual | *nyjaaxově | *nyjaašeta | *nyjaašete | *nyjivě | *nyjita | — |
| Plural | *nyjaaxomъ | *nyjaašete | *nyjaaxǫ | *nyjimъ | *nyjite | — |
Related terms
- *nùditi, *nǫ̀diti (“to compel, to force”)
- *nutiti, *nǫtiti (“to compel, to force”)
- *nukati, *nǫkati (“to urge, to incite”)
- *nùďa, *nǫ̀ďa (“need”)
Descendants
Further reading
- Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “ныть”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
- Černyx, P. Ja. (1999), “ныть”, in Istoriko-etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1, 3rd reprint edition, Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 582
- Trubačóv, Oleg, editor (1999), “*nyti”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ slavjanskix jazykov [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), volume 26, Moscow: Nauka, page 66
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*nyti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 360: “v. ‘yearn’”
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