Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ortь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃ér-. Compare with Latvian errueties (“get angry”).

Other Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek ἔρις (éris, “quarrel”), Sanskrit ऋति (ṛti, “attack”).

Noun

*ortь f

war, battle

Declension

Declension of *ȏrtь (i-stem, accent paradigm c)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*ȏrtь	*ȏrti	*ȏrti
Accusative	*ȏrtь	*ȏrti	*ȏrti
Genitive	*ortí	ortьjù, orťu^*	*ortь̀jь
Locative	*ortí	ortьjù, orťu^*	*ȏrtьxъ
Dative	*ȏrti	*ortьmà	*ȏrtьmъ
Instrumental	*ortьjǫ́	*ortьmà	*ortьmì
Vocative	*orti	*ȏrti	*ȏrti

^* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Belarussian: раць
- Russian: рать (ratʹ)
- Ukrainian: рать (ratʹ), ратити (ratyty)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Cyrillic: рать (ratĭ)
  
  Glagolitic: ⱃⰰⱅⱐ (ratĭ)
- Bulgarian: ратувам (ratuvam)
- Macedonian: рат (rat)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: рат
  
  Latin: rat

References

Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “рать”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
Melʹnyčuk O. S., editor (1982–2012), “Proto-Slavic/ortь”, in Etymolohičnyj slovnyk ukrajinsʹkoji movy [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kiev: Naukova Dumka

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