< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pěna
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *(s)póHy-nh₂-os, from *(s)poH(y)- (“foam”). Cognate with Lithuanian spáinė, Old Prussian sроауnо, Sanskrit फेन (phéna), English foam.
Inflection
Declension of *pěna (hard a-stem)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *pěna | *pěně | *pěny |
| Accusative | *pěnǫ | *pěně | *pěny |
| Genitive | *pěny | *pěnu | *pěnъ |
| Locative | *pěně | *pěnu | *pěnasъ, *pěnaxъ* |
| Dative | *pěně | *pěnama | *pěnamъ |
| Instrumental | *pěnojǫ, *pěnǫ** | *pěnama | *pěnami |
| Vocative | *pěno | *pěně | *pěny |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
References
- Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “пе́на”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “pěna”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 397
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