Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pьkъlъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative forms

*pьcьlъ
*pьkъlo

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *pìkis, *pìkulas, from Proto-Indo-European *peyk- (“to carve, to hew”). Effectively, equivalent to *pьkъ (“nick, slit”) +‎ *-ъlъ. Cognate with Latvian piķis (“pitch”), Lithuanian pìkis (“pitch”), Old Prussian pyculs (“hell”), Ancient Greek πίσσα (píssa, “pitch”), Latin pix (“pitch”). The Latvian, and Lithuanian forms are considered borrowings from German while the Prussian form may be a borrowing from Polish.

Noun

*pьkъlъ m

pitch
hell

Declension

Declension of *pьkъlъ (hard o-stem)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*pьkъlъ	*pьkъla	*pьkъli
Accusative	*pьkъlъ	*pьkъla	*pьkъly
Genitive	*pьkъla	*pьkъlu	*pьkъlъ
Locative	*pьkъlě	*pьkъlu	*pьkъlěxъ
Dative	*pьkъlu	*pьkъloma	*pьkъlomъ
Instrumental	pьkъlъmь, pьkъlomь^*	*pьkъloma	*pьkъly
Vocative	*pьkъle	*pьkъla	*pьkъli

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic:
  - Russian: пе́кло n (péklo)
  - Ukrainian: пе́кло n (péklo)

South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic: пькълъ m (pĭkŭlŭ) пьцьлъ m (pĭcĭlŭ)
  
  Unspecified: [Term?]
  - Church Slavonic (Russian recension): пькълъ m (pĭkŭlŭ)
- Bulgarian: пъ́къл (pǎ́kǎl)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: па̀као m
  
  Latin: pàkao m
  - Chakavian (Hvar): pakȏl
  - Chakavian (Novi): pakál
  - Chakavian (Orbanići): pakãl
  - Chakavian (Vrgada): pakå̃
- Slovene: pekel m
West Slavic:
- Czech: peklo n
- Lower Sorbian: pjakło n
- Old Polish: pkieł m
  - Polish: piekło n
    - → Lithuanian: peklà
- Slovak: peklo n
- Slovincian: pìe̯klɵ n

References

Derksen, Rick (2008), “*pьcьlъ; *pьkъlъ; *pьkъlo”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 426
Derksen, Rick (2015), “pikis”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 355
Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “пе́кло”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress

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