< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/rydati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rūˀd-, by Winter's law from Proto-Indo-European *HrewdH-.[1] Baltic cognates include Lithuanian raudóti (“to weep, to wail, to lament”), Latvian raûdât (“to weep”), rũdinât (“to bring to tears”). Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit रोदिति (róditi), रुदति (rudáti, “to weep”), रोदयति (rodáyati, “to grieve”), Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬯𐬙𐬁‎ (raostā, “(he) wept”, 3sg. aor.), Old English rēotan (“to weep, to complain”), probably also Latin rudō (“to bray, to shout”) (infinitive rudere), rūdō (“to bray, to shout”) (infinitive rūdere).

Verb

*rydati

  1. to weep, to wail

Inflection
Conjugation of *rydati (?, -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ati
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*rydanьje *rydati *rydatъ *rydalъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *rydanъ *rydajemъ
Active *rydavъ *rydaję
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *rydaxъ*ryda*ryda *rydajǫ*rydaješi*rydajetь
Dual *rydaxově*rydasta*rydaste *rydajevě*rydajeta*rydajete
Plural *rydaxomъ*rydaste*rydašę *rydajemъ*rydajete*rydajǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *rydaaxъ*rydaaše*rydaaše —*rydaji*rydaji
Dual *rydaaxově*rydaašeta*rydaašete *rydajivě*rydajita—
Plural *rydaaxomъ*rydaašete*rydaaxǫ *rydajimъ*rydajite—

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: рꙑдати (rydati, “to weep, to wail”)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Cyrillic: рꙑдати (rydati, “to mourn, to lament”), 1sg. рꙑдаѭ (rydajǫ)
      Glagolitic: [Term?]
    • Bulgarian: рида́я (ridája, “to sob”)
    • Macedonian: рида (rida, “to sob”)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic: ри̏дати, 1sg. ри̏да̄м
      Latin: rȉdati, 1sg. rȉdām
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: rydati (“to attack, to nag”)
      • Czech: rydat (“to wail, to nag”)
    • Slovak: rydať (“to wail, to lament”)

References
  1. Reconstructed as *(H)rewd- by Derksen; final laryngeal is included by Ringe to account for Sanskrit रोदिति (róditi).
  • Černyx, P. Ja. (1999), “рыда́ть”, in Istoriko-etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2, 3rd reprint edition, Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 130
  • Derksen, Rick (2008), “*rydati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 441
  • Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “рыда́ть”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
  • Ringe, Don (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic, Oxford University Press
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