< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/stěna
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *staiˀnāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *stoyh₂-neh₂, from *steyh₂- (“to stiffen”).
Indo-European cognates include Proto-Germanic *stainaz (“stone”), Ancient Greek στῖον (stîon, “pebble”), Sanskrit स्त्यायते (styāyate, “hardens, solidifies”).
Declension
Declension of *stěna (hard a-stem)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *stěna | *stěně | *stěny |
| Accusative | *stěnǫ | *stěně | *stěny |
| Genitive | *stěny | *stěnu | *stěnъ |
| Locative | *stěně | *stěnu | *stěnasъ, *stěnaxъ* |
| Dative | *stěně | *stěnama | *stěnamъ |
| Instrumental | *stěnojǫ, *stěnǫ** | *stěnama | *stěnami |
| Vocative | *stěno | *stěně | *stěny |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
References
- Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “стена”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
- Černyx, P. Ja. (1999), “стена”, in Istoriko-etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2, 3rd reprint edition, Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 201
- Šanskij, N. M. (2004), “стена”, in Školʹnyj etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [School Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Drofa
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