Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/studiti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Has the form of a causative/iterative, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *stauˀd-ei-tei.

Per Derksen, outside connections unclear.
Per Vasmer, possibly connected to Sanskrit तुदति (tudati), तुन्दते (tundate, “to push, to bite, to prick”), Latin tundō (“to beat, to bang”) (infinitive tundere, perfect tutudī), Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽 (stautan, “to push”), Albanian shtynj (“to push”) < *studni̯ō. An alternative hypothesis connects to Ancient Greek στῡ́ω (stū́ō, “to toughen”), with a *-d- root extension.
Per Chernykh, possibly connected with Ancient Greek στύξ (stúx, “monster, piercing cold, fever”) (gen. στυγός (stugós)).

Verb

*studìti

(transitive) to cool

Inflection

Conjugation of *studiti (?, -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*stuďenьje	*studiti	*studitъ	*studilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*stuďenъ	*studimъ
Active	*stuďь	*studę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*studixъ	*studi	*studi	*stuďǫ	*studiši	*studitь
Dual	*studixově	*studista	*studiste	*studivě	*studita	*studite
Plural	*studixomъ	*studiste	*studišę	*studimъ	*studite	*studętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*stuďaaxъ	*stuďaaše	*stuďaaše	—	*studi	*studi
Dual	*stuďaaxově	*stuďaašeta	*stuďaašete	*studivě	*studita	—
Plural	*stuďaaxomъ	*stuďaašete	*stuďaaxǫ	*studimъ	*studite	—

(*)*studivъ is later doublet of past active participle

Related terms

*studъ (“cold, shame”)
*stydъ (“shame”)

*studenъ (“cold”)
*stydnǫti (“to become cold”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Belarusian: студзі́ць (studzícʹ)
- Old Russian: стꙋдити (studiti) (from the 15th century; accent paradigm c)
  - Russian: студи́ть (studítʹ, “to cool”), 1sg. стужу́ (stužú), 3sg. сту́дит (stúdit)
- Ukrainian: студи́ти (studýty)

South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: студя́ (studjá)
- Macedonian: студи (studi, “to freeze”)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: сту́дити (“to be cold”) (Western dialectal), 3sg. сту́дӣ; standard сту́дјети (“to be cold”), 1sg. сту́дӣм
  
  Latin: stúditi (“to be cold”) (Western dialectal), 3sg. stúdī; standard stúdjeti (“to be cold”), 1sg. stúdīm
- Slovene: stúditi (“to treat with aversion”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. stúdim (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:
- Czech: studit (“to cool”)
- Polish: studzić (“to cool”)
- Slovak: studiť (“to cool”)
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: studźić
  - Lower Sorbian: stuźiś

References

Černyx, P. Ja. (1999), “студи́ть”, in Istoriko-etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2, 3rd reprint edition, Moscow: Russkij jazyk, pages 213–214
Derksen, Rick (2008), “*studìti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 473
Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “сту́да”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress

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