Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xorniti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Denominative verb from *xorna (“food, fodder”).

Per Derksen, possibly a borrowing from Iranian (compare Avestan 𐬓𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀‎ (xᵛarəna, “food”).
Per Vasmer, related to Latin servō (“to save”) (infinitive servāre), Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬉‎ (haraitē, “to beware, to take care”), 𐬵𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌‎ (hauruuaiti, “to guard”); the connection with Avestan 𐬓𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀‎ (xᵛarəna, “food”) is "difficult".

Verb

*xorniti

to feed? to protect? to hide?

Inflection

Conjugation of *xorniti (?, -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*xorňenьje	*xorniti	*xornitъ	*xornilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*xorňenъ	*xornimъ
Active	*xorňь	*xornę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*xornixъ	*xorni	*xorni	*xorňǫ	*xorniši	*xornitь
Dual	*xornixově	*xornista	*xorniste	*xornivě	*xornita	*xornite
Plural	*xornixomъ	*xorniste	*xornišę	*xornimъ	*xornite	*xornętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*xorňaaxъ	*xorňaaše	*xorňaaše	—	*xorni	*xorni
Dual	*xorňaaxově	*xorňaašeta	*xorňaašete	*xornivě	*xornita	—
Plural	*xorňaaxomъ	*xorňaašete	*xorňaaxǫ	*xornimъ	*xornite	—

(*)*xornivъ is later doublet of past active participle

Related terms

*xorna (“food, fodder”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: хоронити (xoroniti, “to hide, to protect, to keep”) (11th century)
  - Belarusian: харані́ць (xaranícʹ)
  - Russian: хорони́ть (xoronítʹ, “to hide, to bury”), 1sg. хороню́ (xoronjú), 3sg. хоро́нит (xorónit)
  - Ukrainian: хорони́ти (xoronýty, “to preserve, to bury”)

South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Cyrillic: хранити (xraniti, “to preserve, to protect”), 1sg. хранѭ (xranjǫ)
  
  Glagolitic: [Term?]
  - → Russian: храни́ть (xranítʹ, “to preserve, to keep”), 1sg. храню́ (xranjú), 3sg. храни́т (xranít)
- Bulgarian: хра́ня (hránja, “to feed”)
- Macedonian: храни (hrani, “to feed, to nourish”)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: хра́нити (“to feed, to preserve, to save, to keep”), 1sg. хра̑нӣм
  
  Latin: hrániti (“to feed, to preserve, to save, to keep”), 1sg. hrȃnīm
  - Chakavian (Vrgada): hrå̄nȉti (“to feed, to save”), 2sg. hrãnīš
  - Chakavian (Orbanići): hrānȉt (“to feed, to nourish”), 1sg. hrãnin
- Slovene: hrániti (“to guard, to keep”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. hránim (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:
- Czech: chránit (“to guard, to defend”)
- Polabian: xornĕ (“to feed”, 3sg.)
- Old Polish: chronić (“to guard, to defend”)
  - Polish: chronić (“to guard, to defend”)
- Slovak: chrániť (“to defend, to protect, to preserve”)
- Slovincian: χrʉ̀ɵ̯ńĭc (“to protect”)

References

Černyx, P. Ja. (1999), “храни́ть”, in Istoriko-etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2, 3rd reprint edition, Moscow: Russkij jazyk, pages 354–355
Derksen, Rick (2008), “*xorniti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 205
Trubačóv, Oleg, editor (1981), “*xorniti (sę)”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ slavjanskix jazykov [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), volume 08, Moscow: Nauka, page 78
Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “хоро́на”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress

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