< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xromъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Per Derksen, from Proto-Indo-European *sromos (?) or more likely, per Trubachev and Snoj, from *(s)ḱrom- (otherwise **stromъ would have been expected). Cognate with Sanskrit श्रम् (śram, “to be weary, tired”), possibly German Schramme (“scratch”). Trubachev suggests also connection to Polish poskromić (“to subdue”).
Declension
Indefinite declension of *xromъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *xromъ | *xroma | *xromo |
| Accusative | *xromъ | *xromǫ | *xromo |
| Genitive | *xroma | *xromy | *xroma |
| Locative | *xromě | *xromě | *xromě |
| Dative | *xromu | *xromě | *xromu |
| Instrumental | *xromomь | *xromojǫ | *xromomь |
| Vocative | *xrome | *xromo | *xromo |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *xroma | *xromě | *xromě |
| Accusative | *xroma | *xromě | *xromě |
| Genitive | *xromu | *xromu | *xromu |
| Locative | *xromu | *xromu | *xromu |
| Dative | *xromoma | *xromama | *xromoma |
| Instrumental | *xromoma | *xromama | *xromoma |
| Vocative | *xroma | *xromě | *xromě |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *xromi | *xromy | *xroma |
| Accusative | *xromy | *xromy | *xroma |
| Genitive | *xromъ | *xromъ | *xromъ |
| Locative | *xroměxъ | *xromaxъ | *xroměxъ |
| Dative | *xromomъ | *xromamъ | *xromomъ |
| Instrumental | *xromy | *xromami | *xromy |
| Vocative | *xromi | *xromy | *xroma |
Definite declension of *xromъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *xromъjь | *xromaja | *xromoje |
| Accusative | *xromъjь | *xromǫjǫ | *xromoje |
| Genitive | *xromajego | *xromyję | *xromajego |
| Locative | *xromějemь | *xroměji | *xromějemь |
| Dative | *xromujemu | *xroměji | *xromujemu |
| Instrumental | *xromyjimi | *xromǫjǫ | *xromyjimi |
| Vocative | *xromъjь | *xromaja | *xromoje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *xromaja | *xroměji | *xroměji |
| Accusative | *xromaja | *xroměji | *xroměji |
| Genitive | *xromuju | *xromuju | *xromuju |
| Locative | *xromuju | *xromuju | *xromuju |
| Dative | *xromyjima | *xromyjima | *xromyjima |
| Instrumental | *xromyjima | *xromyjima | *xromyjima |
| Vocative | *xromaja | *xroměji | *xroměji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *xromiji | *xromyję | *xromaja |
| Accusative | *xromyję | *xromyję | *xromaja |
| Genitive | *xromъjixъ | *xromъjixъ | *xromъjixъ |
| Locative | *xromyjixъ | *xromyjixъ | *xromyjixъ |
| Dative | *xromyjimъ | *xromyjimъ | *xromyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *xromyjimi | *xromyjimi | *xromyjimi |
| Vocative | *xromiji | *xromyję | *xromaja |
Related terms
- *kromа (“partition”) (possibly)
- *sъkromьnъ (“humble”) (possibly)
Derived terms
- *xromostь (“limping”)
- *xromota (“lameness”)
- *xroměti (“to be crippled”)
- *xromiti (“to cripple”)
- *xromьcь (“cripple”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “хромо́й”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
- Trubačóv, Oleg, editor (1981), “*xromъ(jь)”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ slavjanskix jazykov [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), volume 08, Moscow: Nauka, page 101
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*xròmъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 205: “adj. o (b) ‘lame’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “xromъ xroma xromo”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b lam (PR 136)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “hrȍm”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar, Ljubljana: Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, →ISBN: “*xromъ̏”
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