Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xvala

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Uncertain. Perhaps related to Proto-Germanic *haliþaz (“hero”).

Noun

*xvala f

Declension

Declension of *xvala (hard a-stem)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*xvala	*xvalě	*xvaly
Accusative	*xvalǫ	*xvalě	*xvaly
Genitive	*xvaly	*xvalu	*xvalъ
Locative	*xvalě	*xvalu	xvalasъ, xvalaxъ^*
Dative	*xvalě	*xvalama	*xvalamъ
Instrumental	xvalojǫ, xvalǫ^**	*xvalama	*xvalami
Vocative	*xvalo	*xvalě	*xvaly

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms

*xvaliti

Descendants

Old East Slavic: хвала (xvala)
- Belarusian: хвала́ (xvalá)
- Russian: хвала́ (xvalá)
- Ukrainian: хвала́ (xvalá)

South Slavic
- Old Church Slavonic: хвала (xvala)
  - Bulgarian: хвала (hvala)
  - Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic: хва́ла
    
    Latin: hvála
- Slovene hvála (tonal orthography)

West Slavic
- Czech: chvála
- Polish: chwała
- Slovak: chvála
- Sorbian
  Lower Sorbian: chwała
  
  Upper Sorbian: khwała

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