Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kum

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Noun

*kum

sand

Descendants

Medieval
- Karakhanid: [script needed] (qum)
- Old Turkic
  - Old Uyghur: [script needed] (qum)
Oghuz
- West Oghuz
  - Azeri: qum
  - Gagauz: qum
  - Turkish: kum
- East Oghuz
  - Turkmen: gum
Kipchak
- West Kipchak
  - Crimean Tatar: qum
  - Karachay-Balkar: къум (qum)
  - Kumyk: qum (qum)
- North Kipchak
  - Bashkir: ҡом (qom)
  - Tatar: qum
- South Kipchak
  - Kazakh: құм (qum)
  - Karakalpak qum
  - Nogai: кум (kum)
- Eastern Kipchak
  - Kyrgyz: кум (kum)
  - Southern Altai: кум (kum) ((Altai kizhi))
Karluk:
- West:
  - Uzbek: qum
- East:
  - Uyghur: قۇم‎ (qum)
Siberian
- North Siberian
  - Dolgan: кумак (kumak)
  - Yakut: кумах (kumax)
- South Siberian
  - Sayan Turkic
    - Tuvan: кум (kum)
  - Yenisei Turkic
    - Khakas: хум (xum)
    - Shor: қум (qum)
  - Altai Turkic
    - Northern Altai: къумакъ (qumaq) (Kumamdy)
Oghur:
- Chuvash: [script needed] (ҳъʷm)
→ Hungarian: homok
→ Chechen: гӏум (ġum)
→ Dargwa: гъум (γum)
→ Khinalug: къум (qːum)
→ Lezgi: къум (q̄um)
→ Tabasaran: къум (q̄um); гъум (ġum)
→ Udi: къум (q̇um)
→ Kurdish: qûm

References

Proto-Turkic “Kum”; Anna Dybo: Turkic etymology.

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