< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/xātun

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative reconstructions
  • *qātun[1] (later)

Etymology

Borrowed from Northeastern Iranian, allegedly via Sogdic[2][3] or perhaps Sakan[4], ultimately from Proto-Iranian *hwatáHwah, compare Sogdian 𐼶𐼴𐽂𐼰𐼷𐼻𐼳‎ (xwtʾynh /xutēn/, “queen”), 𐫟𐫇𐫤𐫀𐫇‎ (xwtʾw), 𐼲𐼴𐽂𐼰𐼴‎ (ɣwtʾw /xutāw, xuδāw/, “lord, sovereign”), Bactrian χοαδηο (xoadēo /xʷadēw/, “lord”).

A minority view by Doerfer holds that the word is of Para-Mongolic origin, evidenced by Xianbei [Term?], and analyzed by him as cognate with *kagan (“khan”) and hypothetical feminine suffix *-tun found in Xianbei [Term?] (/(a)matun/, “mother”).[5]

Noun

*xātun [5][3][2][6]

  1. queen, lady

Descendants

It is generally difficult to ascertain which forms are inherited and which are reborrowed from neighboring languages.

  • Karakhanid: قاتُونْ‎ (qātūn)
  • Karluk:
    • Chagatai: حاتون‎ (ḥatun)
      • Ili Turki:
        Taranchi: xotun
      • Uzbek: xotin
      • Uyghur: خوتۇن‎ (xotun)
        Lopnor: [script needed] (xatun, “woman, wife”)
  • Kipchak
    • Kipchak: [script needed] (qātūn)
    • Central Kipchak:
      • Karakalpak: қатын
      • Kazakh: қатын (qatın)
      • Nogai: хатын (xatın)
    • East Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz: катын (katın, “woman, wife; elderly woman”)
    • North Kipchak:
      • Bashkir: ҡатын (qatïn)
      • Siberian Tatar: қатын
      • Tatar: хатын (xatın)
    • West Kipchak:
      • Crimean Tatar: katın, hatın
      • Karachay-Balkar: къатын
      • Karaim: катын
      • Urum: катын
  • Oghuz:
    • Azerbaijani: qadın
    • Gagauz: kadın, kadı́na (obsolete)
    • Ottoman Turkish: قادین‎ (qadin)
    • Salar: qadïnkiš , xatunkiši (“woman”), xotun (“woman, wife”) (perhaps from Uyghur)
    • Turkmen: hātyn (obsolete)
  • Siberian:
    • Northern Altai:
      • Northern Altai:
        Kumandy: кат (kat), каат (kaat)
        Chelkan: кадыт (kadït)
    • Southern Altay:
      • Southern Altai: кадыт (kadït)
        Teleut: қаты (қatï), каат (kaat)
    • Sayan:
      • Tuvan: када (kada), кадай (kaday, “old woman”) (highly dubious)
        кадын (kadın, “queen”) (likely from Mongolic)
        каътташ (kaʺttaš, “woman”) (obsolete)
        • (?) Soyot:қадай (қaday, “woman”)
    • North Siberian:
      • Dolgan: katun, kotun
      • Yakut: хатын (xatın), хотун (xotun, “lady, mistress, wife”) (perhaps from Mongolic)
    • Yenisei:
      • Shor: қаат
      • Khakas: хадын (xadın), (?) хадай (xaday)
      • Western Yugur: ɢadən (“queen, wife of an important official person”)
  • Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (xatun)
  • Old Turkic: 𐰴𐱃𐰆𐰣‎ (qt¹un¹ /qatun/)
  • Old Uyghur: [Term?] (/xatūn/)
  • → Old Armenian: խաթուն (xatʿun)
  • → Manchu: [script needed] (katun, “princess, empress, queen”)
  • → Mongolic: *katun (if not inherited from Pre-Mongolic)
    Kalmyk: [script needed] (χatn̥, “wife, noblewoman, queen”)
    Khalkha: хатан (hatan)
    Ordos: [script needed] (ġatun, “lady, prince's wife”)
  • → Manichaean Middle Persian: 𐫑𐫀𐫎𐫇𐫗‎ (xʾṯwn /xātūn, qātūn/, “Lady, an Uighur female title”)
    • Persian: خاتون‎ (xātūn) (possibly, if not from Sogdian directly) (see there for further descendants)
  • → Tibetan: [script needed] (k'at'un, “princess”)

References
  1. Tenišev E. R., editor (2001) Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: Leksika [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages: Lexis] (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Nauka, page 297
  2. Clauson, Gerard (1972), “xa:tun”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 602
  3. Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 157
  4. Dybo, Anna (2014), “Early contacts of Turks and problems of Proto-Turkic reconstruction”, in Tatarica, 2‎, page 9
  5. Doerfer, Gerhard (1967) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 20) (in German), volume 3, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, § 1159, page 132
  6. Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “kadın”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
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