Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yāg

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction

Unproblematic.

Etymology

Sometimes connected with *jak- (“to rub, to smear”), with the both deriving from hypothetical *jā-, supposedly reflected in Khalaj [script needed] (yaa-, “to churn butter”).

Noun

*yāg

fat, butter, lard, thick

Descendants

Medieval
- Karakhanid: ىاغ‎ (yağ)
- Old Turkic
  - Orkhon: [script needed] (yaɣ)
  - Old Uyghur: [script needed] (yaɣ)
- Kipchak:
  - Cuman: ĵağ
  - Mamluk-Kipchak: [script needed] (ĵağ), [script needed] (ĵağ)
- Khorezmian: [script needed] (yağ)
Oghuz
- West Oghuz
  - Azeri: yağ
  - Gagauz: yaa
  - Ottoman Turkish: یاغ‎ (yağ)
    - Turkish: yağ
- Salar
  - Salar: [script needed] (yağ)
- East Oghuz
  - Turkmen: yag
Kipchak
- West Kipchak
  - Crimean Tatar: yağ
  - Karachay-Balkar: джау (caw)
  - Karaim: yağ
  - Kumyk: яв (yaw)
- North Kipchak
  - Tatar: яу (yau) (archaic)
- South Kipchak
- Caspian
  - Kazakh: жау (jaw) (archaic)
  - Karakalpak jaw (archaic)
- Kyrgyz-Kipchak
  - Kyrgyz: жоо (coo), жоон (coon)
  - Northern Altai:
    - Chalkan: јаӷ (ǰaӷ)
    - Kumandin: дьу (dʹu)
  - Southern Altai: јуу (ǰuu)
    - Teleut: јуу (ǰuu)
Karluk:
- Chagatai: یاغ‎ (yağ)
  - Uzbek: yo'g
  - Uyghur: ياغ‎ (yagh)
Siberian
- North Siberian
  - Dolgan: һыа (hıa)
  - Yakut: сыа (sıa)
- South Siberian
  - Sayan Turkic
    - Tuvan: чаг (čag) (archaic)
  - Yenisei Turkic
    - Khakas: чағ (çağ)
    - Shor: чағ (ćáğ)
    - Western Yugur: jaɣ
Oghur:
- Chuvash: ҫу (śu), ҫӑв (śăv)