< Reconstruction:Proto-Uralic

Reconstruction:Proto-Uralic/kolme

This Proto-Uralic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Uralic

Etymology

One of the few words found in all languages of the traditional Finno-Ugric group, but absent from Samoyedic (contrast Proto-Samoyedic *nakur).

Reconstruction

The Hungarian and Mansi forms point to *kormɜ. Kulonen (2002) and Janhunen (2009) suggest that this may be more original than the forms pointing to *-lm-; according to Kulonen, these could result from analogy with *neljä (“four”).

Numeral
Proto-Uralic cardinal numbers
 <  2 3 4  > 
    Cardinal : *kolme

*kolme

  1. three

Descendants

From *kormɜ:

From *kolme:

  • Ugric:
    • Khanty:
      • Northern, Eastern: хуләм (xuləm)
      • Northern (Kazym): хәԓум (xəḷum)
      • Southern: хутәм (xutəm)
  • Permic:
  • Mari:
    • Eastern Mari: кум (kum), кумыт (kumyt)
  • Mordvinic:
  • Samic: *kolmë (see there for further descendants)
  • Finnic: *kolme (see there for further descendants)
  • *kolmamte (“third”)

References
  • Janhunen, Juha. 2009. "Proto-Uralic—what, where and when?" In: The quasquicentennial of the Finno-Ugrian Society. Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia 258, pp. 57–78.
  • Kulonen, Ulla-Maija. 2002. "Suomalaiset ja suomalais-ugrilaiset luvut ja lukusanat" ('Finnish and Finno-Ugric numbers and numerals'). In: Graham Flegg, Lukujen historia: Sormilla laskemisesta tietokoneisiin, pp. 258–301. Helsinki: Art House. →ISBN
  • Entry #341 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Research Institute for Linguistics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences.
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.