acerbo

Italian

Etymology

From Latin acerbus.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /aˈt͡ʃɛr.bo/
  • Hyphenation: a‧cèr‧bo
  • audio(file)

Adjective

acerbo (feminine singular acerba, masculine plural acerbi, feminine plural acerbe)

  1. unripe, premature
  2. acerbic, sour, bitter, harsh, crude
  3. hard, severe

Derived terms

Anagrams

Latin

Etymology

From acerbus (“harsh, bitter”) +‎ -ō.

Pronunciation

Verb

acerbō (present infinitive acerbāre, perfect active acerbāvī, supine acerbātum); first conjugation

  1. (transitive) I make harsh or bitter, embitter.
  2. (transitive) I augment or aggravate something disagreeable, make worse, exacerbate.

Inflection
   Conjugation of acerbo (first conjugation)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present acerbō acerbās acerbat acerbāmus acerbātis acerbant
imperfect acerbābam acerbābās acerbābat acerbābāmus acerbābātis acerbābant
future acerbābō acerbābis acerbābit acerbābimus acerbābitis acerbābunt
perfect acerbāvī acerbāvistī acerbāvit acerbāvimus acerbāvistis acerbāvērunt, acerbāvēre
pluperfect acerbāveram acerbāverās acerbāverat acerbāverāmus acerbāverātis acerbāverant
future perfect acerbāverō acerbāveris acerbāverit acerbāverimus acerbāveritis acerbāverint
passive present acerbor acerbāris, acerbāre acerbātur acerbāmur acerbāminī acerbantur
imperfect acerbābar acerbābāris, acerbābāre acerbābātur acerbābāmur acerbābāminī acerbābantur
future acerbābor acerbāberis, acerbābere acerbābitur acerbābimur acerbābiminī acerbābuntur
perfect acerbātus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect acerbātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect acerbātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present acerbem acerbēs acerbet acerbēmus acerbētis acerbent
imperfect acerbārem acerbārēs acerbāret acerbārēmus acerbārētis acerbārent
perfect acerbāverim acerbāverīs acerbāverit acerbāverimus acerbāveritis acerbāverint
pluperfect acerbāvissem acerbāvissēs acerbāvisset acerbāvissēmus acerbāvissētis acerbāvissent
passive present acerber acerbēris, acerbēre acerbētur acerbēmur acerbēminī acerbentur
imperfect acerbārer acerbārēris, acerbārēre acerbārētur acerbārēmur acerbārēminī acerbārentur
perfect acerbātus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect acerbātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — acerbā — — acerbāte —
future — acerbātō acerbātō — acerbātōte acerbantō
passive present — acerbāre — — acerbāminī —
future — acerbātor acerbātor — — acerbantor
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives acerbāre acerbāvisse acerbātūrus esse acerbārī acerbātus esse acerbātum īrī
participles acerbāns — acerbātūrus — acerbātus acerbandus
verbal nouns gerund supine
nominative genitive dative/ablative accusative accusative ablative
acerbāre acerbandī acerbandō acerbandum acerbātum acerbātū

Derived terms

Descendants

References
  • acerbo in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • acerbo in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • acerbo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
  • Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • (ambiguous) he has had many painful experiences: multa acerba expertus est

Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin acerbus.

Adjective

acerbo m (feminine singular acerba, masculine plural acerbos, feminine plural acerbas, comparable)

  1. acerb (bitter to the taste)

Derived terms

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin acerbus.

Pronunciation
  • (Castilian) IPA(key): /aˈθerbo/, [aˈθerβo]
  • (Latin America) IPA(key): /aˈserbo/, [aˈserβo]

Adjective

acerbo (feminine singular acerba, masculine plural acerbos, feminine plural acerbas)

  1. acerb (bitter to the taste)
  2. acerbic (sour or bitter)
  3. biting, scathing, acerbic

Derived terms

Further reading
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