arbed

See also: arƀed

English

Verb

arbed

  1. simple past tense and past participle of arb

Welsh

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *ɸare-kʷet-; compare Old Irish ar·ceissi (“have mercy on”).[1]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈarbɛd/

Verb

arbed (first-person singular present arbedaf)

  1. to save (help survive, rescue; store for future use)
  2. to spare (preserve from danger or punishment)

Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future arbedaf arbedi arbed arbedwn arbedwch arbedant arbedir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/
conditional		 arbedwn arbedit arbedai arbedem arbedech arbedent arbedid
preterite arbedais arbedaist arbedodd arbedasom arbedasoch arbedasant arbedwyd
pluperfect arbedaswn arbedasit arbedasai arbedasem arbedasech arbedasent arbedasid, arbedesid
present subjunctive arbedwyf arbedych arbedo arbedom arbedoch arbedont arbeder
imperative — arbed arbeded arbedwn arbedwch arbedent arbeder
verbal noun arbed
verbal adjectives arbededig
arbedadwy
  • Obsolete third-person singular present indicative/future: erbyd
Conjugation (colloquial)
Inflected colloquial forms singular plural
first second third first second third
future arbeda i, arbedaf i arbedi di arbedith o/e/hi, arbediff e/hi arbedwn ni arbedwch chi arbedan nhw
conditional arbedwn i, arbedswn i arbedet ti, arbedset ti arbedai fo/fe/hi, arbedsai fo/fe/hi arbeden ni, arbedsen ni arbedech chi, arbedsech chi arbeden nhw, arbedsen nhw
preterite arbedais i, arbedes i arbedaist ti, arbedest ti arbedodd o/e/hi arbedon ni arbedoch chi arbedon nhw
imperative — arbeda — — arbedwch —
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Mutation
Welsh mutation
radicalsoftnasalh-prothesis
arbed unchanged unchanged harbed
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  1. Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*fare-kʷet-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 123

Further reading
  • Angharad Fychan and Ann Parry Owen, editors (2014), “arbedaf”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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